NETWORK THEORY网络理论 小团体.pdf

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1、10.1177/1046496404264941SMALLGROUPRESEARCH/June2004Katzetal./NETWORKTHEORYNETWORKTHEORYANDSMALLGROUPSNANCYKATZHarvardUniversityDAVIDLAZERHarvardUniversityHOLLYARROWUniversityofOregonNOSHIRCONTRACTORUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-ChampaignThisarticledescribesthenetworkapproachtosmal

2、lgroups.First,thecoreconstructsthatcomposesocialnetworkresearchareexplained.Theprimarytheoriesthatprovidetheintel-lectualunderpinningofthenetworkapproacharedescribed,includingtheoriesofself-inter-est,theoriesofsocialexchangeordependency,theoriesofmutualorcollectiveinterest,cog-ni

3、tivetheories,andtheoriesofhomophily.Highlightsoftheempiricalworkexaminingtheinternalandexternalnetworksofsmallgroupsissummarized.Finally,theprimarychal-lengesresearchersfacewhenapplyingthenetworkperspectivetosmallgroups,andthepri-marybenefitsthatcanaccruetoresearcherswhoadoptthat

4、perspective,areenumerated.Keywords:groups;teams;networks;theoryThelastdecadehasseenatremendoussurgeinresearchonsocialnetworksandresearchonsmallgroups.Arelativelysmallbutgrowingbodyofworkembracesboththesefoci.Indeed,researchonthenetworksofsmallgroupsisfastemergingasanareaofstudy(L

5、azer&Katz,2003b).Thisarticleprovidesanoverviewofthenetworkapproachtosmallgroups.Theintendedaudienceissmallgroupresearcherswhoarecuriousabouthownetworkideasandmethodscanenhancetheirunderstandingofsmallgroupphenomena.SMALLGROUPRESEARCH,Vol.35No.3,June2004307-332DOI:10.1177/10464964

6、04264941©2004SagePublications307308SMALLGROUPRESEARCH/June2004Thearticleisorganizedintofivesections.Thefirstsectionisanintroductiontothenetworkperspective.Basicquestionsareaddressed:Whatisanetwork?Whataretheessentialdimensionsalongwhichnetworksmeaningfullyvary?Howarenetworksmea-s

7、ured?And,Whatisthedefinitionofasmallgroup,fromthenet-workperspective?Thesecondsectionisanoverviewofthecentralprinciplesandthetheoreticalunderpinningsofthenetworkper-spective.Thethirdsectiontracesthehistoryofempiricalresearchonthenetworksofsmallgroups.Thefourthsectiondescribestheb

8、enefitsthatresultfromadoptinganetworkper