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1、杂交玉米高产制种的技术措施玉米杂优品种具有高产、抗性强等优点,所以在玉米种植区,种植杂优品种已成为提高产量及增加农民收入的重要途径。为了提高玉米杂交制种产量,探讨玉米杂交制种高产技术,我所进行了三年制种试验。产量由过去的1200kg/hm2提高到现在的2325kg/hm2,增产93.75%。现将高产制种技术介绍如下。Cornhybridvarietyhastheadvantagesofhighyield,strongresistance,sointhecornbelt,plantingmixedop
2、timalvarietieshasbecomeaimportantwaytoimproveyieldandincreasefarmers'income.Inordertoimprovethecornhybridseedproduction,high-yieldmaizehybridseedproductiontechnique,Iconductedthreeyearsbreedingtest.Yieldincreaseby1200kg/hm2tonow2325kg/hm2,increase93.75
3、%.Nowthehigh-yieldingseedproductiontechnologyintroducedasfollows.1栽培措施1culturalpractices1.1选地及整地1.1chooseandsitepreparation选隔离条件较好,土壤肥力和光照条件较好,集中连片,有排灌条件,保水保肥力强的地为制种地,并做到精细整地,畦面无大土块,无杂草,无作物残根,达到松、细、平。Choosebetterisolationconditions,soilfertilityandligh
4、tconditionsaregood,concentrated,irrigationanddrainageconditions,strongretentionoffertilityoftheearthfortheseed,anddothefinesoilpreparation,nobigclods,strip,noweeds,noresidualrootsofplants,andtoloose,thinandflat.1.2重施底肥,增施磷钾肥1.2returntofertilizers,incre
5、asingunderphosphorusapplication制种地要求每亩施优质农家肥1500~2000kg、钙镁磷50kg、钾肥10kg。提高植株的抗病能力。Seedproductiontohigh-qualityfarmyardmanureapplied1500~2000kgperacre,50kgcalciummagnesiumphosphate,potash,10kg.Improvetheplantdiseaseresistance.1.3合理安排群体结构1.3arrangegroupst
6、ructure父母本行比1:5,大行距90cm,小行距40cm,株距25cm,父本留双株,母本间隔留单双株,每亩母本4500株,父本1500株。Parentsbankthan1:5,bigspace,90cm,40cmsmallspacing,plantingdistance25cm,maleparentfordoublestrains,betweenfemaleparenttostaysingleanddoublestrain,femaleparentper4500plants,1500strai
7、nsofmaleparent.1.4合理确定播种期1.4reasonableseedingtime玉米各生育阶段所需的光、温、水必须与当地的气候条件相适应,才能正常生长。播种过早,低温阴雨天气易造成烂芽;播种过迟,抽雄吐丝遇梅雨高湿气候不利于授粉,影响结实率。在贺州市农科所(信都镇),早造制种可在2月下旬播种,利用地膜覆盖育苗效果较好。Cornlight,temperature,growthstageandmustbeadaptedtolocalclimaticconditions,watercan
8、benormalgrowth.Earlysowing,coldwetweatheriseasytocausebadbud;Toolatesowing,tasselingspinninginplumrainshumidityclimateconducivetopollinationandseedsettingrate.InHeZhoushiNongKeSuoletter(town),ZaoZaoseedcanbesowninlateFebruary,useofmulch
