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1、名词性从句名词性从句是由if,whether,that和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功同名词一样。一．主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1.It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：Itisapitythatyoudidn'tgotoseethefilm.Itdoesn'tinterestme
2、whetheryousucceedornot.Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.2.用it作形式主语的结构(1)Itis＋名词＋从句Itisafactthat…事实是…Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常识(2)itis＋形容词＋从句Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…(3)itis＋不及物动词＋从句Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…(4)it＋过去
3、分词＋从句Itisreportedthat…据报道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实…3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况(1)if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。(2)Itissaid,(reported)…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：ItissaidthatPresidentJingowillvisitourschoolnextweek.(right)ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.(wrong)(3)Ithappens…,Itoccurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：Itoccur
4、redtohimthathefailedintheexamination.(right)Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.(wrong)(4)Itdoesn'tmatterhow/whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.(right)Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn'tmatter.(wrong)(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?
5、(right)Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?(wrong)4.What与that在引导主语从句时的区别What引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that则不然。例如：1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.2)Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation.二．宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。1.作动词的宾语(1)由that引导的宾语从句（that通常可以省略）,例如：Iheardthatbejoinedthea
6、rmy.(2)由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句，例如：1)Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.2)Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.(3)动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.2.作介词的宾语例如：Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.3.作形容词的宾语例如：Iamafraid(that)I'vemadeamistake.That引导的从句常跟在下
7、列形容词后作宾语：Anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。也可以将此类词后的that从句的看作原因状语从句。4.It可以作为形式宾语It不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾，特别是在
