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1、WhatisLandscapeArchitecture?ByASLAUnit1[1]Althoughtheterm'landscapearchitecture'wasinventedbyaScotsman(GilbertLaingMeason,in1828),itwasanAmerican(FrederickLawOlmsted)whogavebirthtothelandscapearchitectureprofession.Weshouldthereforepaycloseattentiontothede
2、finitionoftheprofessiongivenbytheAmericanSocietyofLandscapeArchitects(ASLA).Itwasasfollows:尽管“风景园林”这个术语是由苏格兰人G.L.梅森于1828年创造的,但是风景园林职业的诞生却是由美国人F.L.奥姆斯特德促成的。因此,我们应该更多关注由美国风景园林师协会(ASLA)对风景园林做出的定义。它是这样描述的:AProfessionInDemand需求量大的职业[2]Fromcitycouncilroomstocorp
3、orateboardrooms,thereisincreasingdemandtodayfortheprofessionalservicesoflandscapearchitects.Thistrendreflectsthepublic'sdesireforbetterhousing,recreationalandcommercialfacilities,anditsexpandedconcernforenvironmentalprotection.Residentialandcommercialreale
4、statedevelopers,federalandstateagencies,cityplanningcommissions,andindividualpropertyownersareallamongthethousandsofpeopleandorganizationsinAmericaandCanadathatwillretaintheservicesofalandscapearchitectthisyear.当前,从市政部门到公司企业,对于职业风景园林师的需求的越来越多。这个趋势反映了公众对居住环
5、境、娱乐和商业设施更优化的需求,以及由其引起的对环境保护的关注。美国和加拿大今年就有数千个居住和商业地产开发商、国家和州机构、城市规划委员会,以及个人地产所有者请风景园林师为他们提供服务。Morethananyoftheothermajorenvironmentaldesignprofessions,landscapearchitectureisaprofessiononthemove.Itiscomprehensivebydefinition-nolessthantheartandscienceofana
6、lysis,planningdesign,management,preservationandrehabilitationoftheland.Inprovidingwell-manageddesignanddevelopmentplans,landscapearchitectsofferanessentialarrayofservicesandexpertisethatreducescostsandaddslong-termvaluetoaproject.比起其他任何专业的环境设计职业,风景园林都是发展较最
7、快的职业。从定义来看,它具有复杂性——至少包括艺术、科学分析、规划设计、管理、土地保护和恢复等。风景园林师能够提供至关重要的专业服务,做出良好设计和开发方案,为项目减少投入并获得长期效益。[3]Cleardifferencesdoexistsbetweenlandscapearchitectureandtheotherdesignprofessions.Architectsprimarilydesignbuildingsandstructureswithspecificuses,suchashomes,of
8、fices,schoolsandfactories.Civilengineersapplyscientificprinciplestothedesignofcityinfrastructuresuchasroads,bridges,andpublicutilities.Urbanplannersdevelopabroadoverviewofdevelopmentforentirecitiesandregions.