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1、中国农学通报2010,26(17):310-315ChineseAgriculturalScienceBulletin土壤重金属污染评价方法进展范拴喜,甘卓亭,李美娟,张掌权,周旗(宝鸡文理学院灾害监测与机理模拟陕西省重点实验室,陕西宝鸡721013)摘要:土壤重金属污染是当今环境污染中污染面积最广、危害最大的环境问题之一,受到人们的广泛关注,因此国内外提出了众多的重金属污染评价方法,笔者将其进行系统的总结与归纳,为以后土壤重金属污染评价研究奠定基础;综述了单因子指数评价法、内梅罗综合污染指数法、几何均值综合评价模式、污染负荷指数法、地积累指数法、沉积物富集系数
2、法、潜在生态危害指数法,模糊数学法、灰色聚类法、基于GIS的地统计学评价法、健康风险评价方法、环境风险指数法等国内外典型的土壤重金属污染评价方法及模型,分析了各种方法的优劣之处和适用范围;通过分析表明各种评价方法都有一定的局限和不足之处,在评价中要对实测数据样本点进行充分分析,反复试验比较,结合评价的目的和侧重点选择较优的方法。最后提出根据实际的情况采用多种方法结合,同时,应该从重金属污染生态效应着手,开发生物评价法。关键词:土壤重金属;污染评价;综述;评价方法中图分类号:S151.9+5文献标志码:A论文编号:2010-1277ProgressofAssess
3、mentMethodsofHeavyMetalPollutioninSoilFanShuanxi,GanZhuoting,LiMeijuan,ZhangZhangquan,ZhouQi(KeyLaboratoryofDisasterMonitoringandMechanismSimulating,BaojiUniversityofArtsandSciences,BaojiShanxi721013)Abstract:Itisoneofthemostwidelyareaanddamagingenvironmentalproblemsaboutsoilheavymet
4、alpollutionincurrent.So,itiswidespreadconcern,andreceivedgeneralattention.Anumberofassessmentmethodsofheavymetalpollutioninsoilhavebeenproposedathomeandabroad,andwhichhadanalyzedandmadeaconclusionbyauthor,whichwouldlayafoundationforassessmentofheavymetalpollutioninsoil.Thesinglefacto
5、rindex,nemerowindexmethod,comprehensiveevaluationmodeofgeometricmean,pollutionloadindex,indexofgeo-accumulation,thepotentialecologicalriskindex,sedimentenrichmentfactor,potentialecologicaleiskindex,fuzzymathematicalmethod,greyclusteringmethod,geostatisticsmethodonGIS,methodforhealthr
6、iskassessment,methodofenvironmentriskindex,andsoontypicalsoilheavymetalpollutionassessmentmethodsandmodelsindomesticandforeignweresummarized.Theadvantages,disadvantagesandapplicationrangeofthosemethodswereanalyzed.Itwasindicatedbythecomparisonanalysisthatavarietyofevaluationmethodsha
7、dcertainlimitationsandinadequacies.Itwasnecessaryforselectingbetterevaluationmethodstocarryoutfullanalysisofthesamplepoints,comparisonoftrialanderrorwiththepurposeofevaluationandfocusoninpollutionassessmentofsoilheavymetals.Finally,combiningavarietyofmethodsaccordingtotheactualsituat
8、ionwasputfor