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1、定语从句一、语法知识在复合句中，修饰某一名词和代词，或修饰整个主句的从句叫做定语从句，它相当于形容词。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that,as和关系副词when,where,why。关系代词和关系副词既联系从句和先行词，还在从句中充当一个成分。关系代词1．Who(指人，主格，从句中作主语或宾语)2．Whom(人，宾格，从句中作宾语)3．Whose(指人，也指物，从句中作定语)l如表示所有关系，指人可以与ofwhom互换，指物可与ofwhic
2、h互换4.Which(指物，从句中作主语或宾语)l关系代词在从句中做宾语时一般可省略。l当从句中的介词提前时，关系代词只能用which,whom，且不可省略。lWhich充当bothof,allof,noneof,oneof的宾语时不能用whose互换。5.that(指人，也可物，从句中作主语或宾语，还可以作表语)That指物可以与which互换，以下几种情况只用that。1.先行词all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词2.先行
3、词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰。3.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。4.先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时。5.先行词既有人又有物，从句应用that,而不是其他。当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句多用that以上通常是使用于先行词为物，先行词是人一般不受限制6．as常用于thesame---as,such---as,as---as,so---as关系副词1．When（表示时间，时间状语）2．where（表示地点，地点
4、状语）3．why（表示原因，原因状语，先行词reason）非限制性定语从句1．从句与先行词关系松散。2．如果定语从句省略仍然完整。3．有逗号。4．关系代词不用that,人（who,whom）物(which)。5．可以用来修饰整个主句的意思，用which,as。which不能提前放在句首。lCom:As…,定It…that主注：A.当先行词为theway时后关系代词可省略，或用that或用inwhichB.Theonlyoneof+名词复数定语从句谓语动词为第三人称单数，oneof+名词复数从句动词用复数形
5、式C.先行词为he,anyone,those(指人)关系代词用who，而不是thatD.区别：Isthisthemuseumthatwevisitedyesterday?Isthismuseumtheonewevisitedyesterday?Multiplechoices:1.Afootballfanis__C___hasastronginterestinfootball.A.athingthatB.somethingthatC.apersonwhoD.what2.Thehouse,_A____wasd
6、estroyedintheterriblefire,hasbeenrepaired.A.theroofofwhichB.whichroofC.itsroofD.theroof3.Canyoulendmethenovel__D___theotherday?A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedabout4.Thematter___A__youwerearguingaboutlastnighthasbeensettled
7、.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.forwhich5.Theytalkedforaboutanhourofthingsandpersons__B___theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom6.Who_D____hascommonsensewilldosuchathing?A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that7.Alltheapples__A___felldownwereeatenbythepigs.A.thatB.thoseC
8、.whichD.what8.Theyaskedhimtotellthemeverything__B___hesawatthefront.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where9.I’lltellyou__D__hetoldmelastnight.A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.all10.Achild_____parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.whoB.
