高中语法之常用时态语态详解.doc

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1、第四章时态和语态一．动词的时态英语时态用共有十六种时态，其中常用的有8种，它们是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。时态主动语态被动语态具体形式通式具体形式通式肯定式否定式肯定式否定式肯定式否定式肯定式否定式一般现在时do/does;am/is/aredo/doesnotdo;am/is/arenotdo;bedonotdo;benotam/is/aredoneam/is/arenotdonebedonebenotdone一般过去时did;was/weredidnotdo;w

2、as/werenotwas/weredonewas/werenotdone一般将来时willdo;willbewillnotdo;willnotbewillbedonewillnotbedone注：be没有被动形式现在进行时am/is/aredoingam/is/arenotdoingbedoingbenotdoingam/is/arebeingdonebebeingdone过去进行时was/weredoingwas/werenotdoingwas/werebeingdone将来进行时willbedoing注：be通常不用于进行时现在完

3、成时have/hasdonehave/hasnotdonehavedonehavenotdonehave/hasbeendonehave/hasnotbeendonehavebeendonehavenotbeendone过去完成时haddonehadnotdonehadbeendonehadnotbeendone将来完成时willhavedonewillhavebeendone过去将来时woulddo;wouldbewouldnotdo;wouldnotbewouldbedonewouldnotbedone现在完成进行时have/has

4、beendoing一.一般现在时.1.构成.be动词：amisare;其他动词用动词原形，当主语是第三人称单数时要在谓语动词后加“s”，其变化规则与名词变复数一致。2.用法.1).经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。如usually,always,often,seldom,never,every...,eg.Ileavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.Idon’tleavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.DoIleavehomeforschoolat7everymorni

5、ng?Heusuallygetsupearly.Hedoesn’tusuallygetupearly.Doesheusuallygetupearly?2)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。eg.Theearthmovesaroundthesun.Theearthdoesn’tmovearoundthesun否定句Doestheearthmovearoundthesun?疑问句ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.Shanghaidoesn’tlieintheeastofChina否定句DoesShanghailieint

6、heeastofChina?疑问句Waterboilsat100centigradedegrees.3)表示格言或警句中eg.Pridegoesbeforeafall.注意.此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。eg.Columbusprovedthattheearthisround..4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。既用于某些不用于进行时态的静态动词表示现在的行为和状态。eg.Sheisshy.Weloveourcountry.TomwritesgoodEnglish.5)某些动词如come,g

7、o,move,stop,leave,arrive,finish,continue,start等，在一般现在时句中可用来表示将来肯定会发生的动作。按时刻表发生eg.Thetraincomesat3o'clock.6)在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。eg.I'llhelpyouassoonasyouhaveproblem.TellXiaoLiaboutitifyoumeethim.7)用于文章标题、故事介绍、实况解说等。eg.Thereisapieceofmeatinthecrow'smouthandthefoxw

8、antstoeatit.Heputsthesugarinthecup.二．一般过去时1.构成：be动词用waswere;其他动词用动词的过去式。2.用法：1).表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情