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1、英文文摘Whyhasobject-orientedprogramminghadsuchasweepingimpactonthesoftwaredevelopmentcommunity?Object-orientedprogrammingappealsatmultiplelevels.Formanagers,itpromisesfasterandcheaperdevelopmentandmaintenance.Foranalystsanddesigners,themodelingprocessbecomessimpl
2、erandproducesaclear,manageabledesign.Forprogrammers,theeleganceandclarityoftheobjectmodelandthepowerofobject-orientedtoolsandlibrariesmakesprogrammingamuchmorepleasanttask,andprogrammersexperienceanincreaseinproductivity.Everybodywins,itwouldseem.Ifthere’sadow
3、nside,itistheexpenseofthelearningcurve.Thinkinginobjectsisadramaticdeparturefromthinkingprocedurally,andtheprocessofdesigningobjectsismuchmorechallengingthanproceduraldesign,especiallyifyou’retryingtocreatereusableobjects.Inthepast,anovicepractitionerofobject-
4、orientedprogrammingwasfacedwithachoicebetweentwodauntingtasks:1.ChoosealanguagesuchasSmalltalkinwhichyouhadtolearnalargelibrarybeforebecomingproductive.2.ChooseC++withvirtuallynolibrariesatall，andstrugglethroughthedepthsofthelanguageinordertowriteyourownlibrar
5、iesofobjects.Itis,infact,difficulttodesignobjectswell–forthatmatter,it’shardtodesignanythingwell.Buttheintentisthatarelativelyfewexpertsdesignthebestobjectsforotherstoconsume.SuccessfulOOPlanguagesincorporatenotjustlanguagesyntaxandacompiler,butanentiredevelop
6、mentenvironmentincludingasignificantlibraryofwell-designed,easytouseobjects.Thus,theprimaryjobofmostprogrammersistouseexistingobjectstosolvetheirapplicationproblems.Thegoalofthischapteristoshowyouwhatobject-orientedprogrammingisandhowsimpleitcanbe.Thischapterw
7、illintroducemanyoftheideasofJavaandobject-orientedprogrammingonaconceptuallevel,butkeepinmindthatyou’renotexpectedtobeabletowritefull-fledgedJavaprogramsafterreadingthischapter.Allthedetaileddescriptionsandexampleswillfollowthroughoutthecourseofthisbook.Thepro
8、gressofabstractionAllprogramminglanguagesprovideabstractions.Itcanbearguedthatthecomplexityoftheproblemsyoucansolveisdirectlyrelatedtothekindandqualityofabstraction.By“kind”Imean:w
