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1、语法—名词性从句nounclause英语句子的种类简单句(simplesentence)并列句(compoundsentence)复合句(complexsentence)英语句子概论简单句的五种基本句型Theweatherisverycold.主语+谓语(连系动词)+表语Helaughed.主语+谓语(vi.)IlikeChinesefood.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语Shetaughtthemphysics.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语Wemustkeeptheroomwarm.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾语补足语并列句把两个或几个简单句用并列连
2、词连接起来。IturnedontheTV.MysisterandIwatchedit.IturnedontheTVandmysisterandIwatchedit.Iboughtmysisterapresent.Shedidn’tlikeit.Iboughtmysisterapresent,butshedidn’tlikeit.并列句并列句常用并列连词:平行并列连词:转折并列连词:因果并列连词:选择并列连词:and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…norbut,however,while,yet,or,either…orfor,
3、so复合句:主句+从句名词性从句定语从句状语从句1.TheboywhoisstandingoverthereisTom2.Becauseitisraining,wehavetostayathome定语从句状语从句3.Iknow(that)heisfromAmerica(宾语从句)名词性从句---NounClauses(名词性从句)SubjectClause(主语从句)AppositiveClause(同位语从句)ObjectClause(宾语从句)PredicativeClause(表语从句)名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语
4、等。主语{Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.表语Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.{宾语Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.同位语Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatweh
5、avelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.主语从句宾语从句表语从句名词性从句的作用相当于名词,因此主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。同位语从句ObjectClauses宾语从句Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语谓语宾语(简单句)主语谓语宾语从句连词从句主语从句谓语主句(复合句)句子做宾语就是宾语从句,跟在及物动词或介词后句子结构:主句+连词(引导词)+宾语从句。ConjunctionsofNounClauses(引导名词性从句的关联词):从属连词
6、(不作成分)连接代词(作成分)连接副词(作状语)what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+everthat,whether,ifwhen,where,how,why一、连词(引导词)1.that1.当宾语从句是由陈述句转变而来时(包括肯定句和否定句),连词由that引导,因为that在从句中不作任何成分,也没有任何具体意思,因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.2.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略:(1)当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,第二个t
7、hat不能省;(2)当that从句作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。(3)用it做形式宾语的宾语从句。Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.3.在主句为动词be加某些形容词(如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等)作表语时,后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。I’msorry(that)Idon’tkno
8、w.We’resure(