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1、whatdowemeanbytransportphenomena?Transportphenomenaisthecollectivenamegiventothesystematicandintegratedstudyofthreeclassicalareasofengineeringscience:(i)energyorheattransport,(ii)masstransportordiffusion,and(iii)momentumtransportorfluiddynamics.传递现象是工程科学三个典型领域系统性和综合性研究的总称：能量或热量传
2、递，质量传递或扩散，以及动量传递或流体力学。Ofcourse,heatandmasstransportoccurfrequentlyinfluids,andforthisreasonsomeengineeringeducatorsprefertoincludestheseprocessesintheirtreatmentoffluidmechanics.当然，热量和质量传递在流体中经常发生，正因如此一些工程教育家喜欢把这些过程包含在流体力学的范畴内。Sincetransportphenomenaalsoincludesheatconductionand
3、diffusioninsolids,however,thesubjectisactuallyofwiderscopethanfluidmechanics.由于传递现象也包括固体中的热传导和扩散，因此，传递现象实际上比流体力学的领域更广。Itisalsodistinguishedfromfluidmechanicsinthatthestudyoftransportphenomenamakeuseofthesimilaritiesbetweentheequationsusedtodescribetheprocessesofheat,mass,andmome
4、ntumtransport.传递现象的研究充分利用描述传热，传质，动量传递过程的方程间的相似性，这也区别于流体力学。Theseanalogies,astheyareusuallycalled,canoftenberelatedtosimilaritiesinthephysicalmechanismswherebythetransporttakesplace.这些类推(通常被这么叫)常常可以与传递现象发生的物理机制间的相似性关联起来。Asaconsequence,anunderstandingofonetransportprocesscanreadily
5、leadtoanunderstandingofotherprocesses.因此，一个传递过程的理解能够容易促使其他过程的理解。Moreover,ifthedifferentialequationsandboundaryconditionsarethesame,asolutionneedbeobtainedforonlyoneoftheprocessessincebychangingthenomenclaturethatsolutioncanbeusedtoobtainthesolutionforanyothertransportprocess.而且，
6、如果微分方程和边界条件是一样的，只需获得一个传递过程的解决方案即可，因为通过改变名称就可以用来获得其他任何传递过程的解决方案。Itmustbeemphasized,however,thatwhiletherearesimilaritiesbetweenthetransportprocesses,therearealsoimportantdifferences,especiallybetweenthetransportofmomentum(avector)andthatofheatormass(scalars).必须强调,虽然有相似之处,也有传递过程之间
7、的差异,尤其重要的是运输动量(矢量)和热或质量(标量).Nevertheless,asystematicstudyofthesimilaritiesbetweenthetransportprocessesmakesiteasiertoidentifyandunderstandthedifferencesbetweenthem.然而,系统地研究了相似性传递过程之间的相似性,使它更容易识别和理解它们之间的差别。1．HowWeApproachtheSubject怎么研究传递过程？Inordertodemonstratetheanalogiesbetweent
8、hetransportprocesses,wewillstudyeachoftheproces
