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1、ChineseSealHistorySealisacomparativelyindependenttraditionalartforminourcountry.Itwasbornoutofthecombinationof paintingtechniques,calligraphy,carvingandtheartofarrangementinalimitedspace.Theartdatesbackabout3,700yearstotheShangDynasty.DuringHanDynasty,onlytheimperialsealwascalled“xi”,a
2、ndtheotherswereoftenreferredtoas“zhang”or“yinzhang”.That’swhysealarecalled“yinzhang”inChina.Types1.官印和私印2.公章和私章3.姓名字号印,斋馆印,书简印,收藏鉴赏印,吉语印,成语印,肖形印，署押印4.白文印、朱文印、朱白相间印、回文印5.铸印、凿印、琢印、喷印、光敏印6.金印、玉印、银印、铜印、铁印、象牙印、犀角印、水晶印、石印等，今人尚有木质印、塑料印、有机玻璃印等7.一面印、二面印、六面印、子母印、套印光敏印章Moderncommonseal回墨印章红胶印章渗透印
3、章牛角印章铜印章原子印章日期印章钢印章回墨铜印章StructureFace（正面）Grip(握柄)Sides(侧面)Platform(平台)Sash(饰带）BeforetheSongandYuanDynastiesmostofmakingsealwithahardtextureofgold,silver,copper,jade（玉）orwaterproducts,rhinohorn（犀牛角）,ivory（象牙）,bamboo,woodandothermaterials.UptotheYuanDynasty,WangMian（王冕）begantotrytomakeOp
4、hicalcite(花乳石)upseals.TotheMingDynasty,moreandmorestonesealsarewidelyused.MaterialsUseAtthebeginning,sealswereusedtocreateprotectivemarksonlettersandlargeitemsbeingsenttotheothers.So,itwasarepresentationofaperson'sself-identityandstatus.ProbablyfromtheSongandYuandynasties,artistsbegant
5、ostamptheirsealsontheirworks.Nowadays,sealsarestillwidelyused,andtheartofsealengravinghasbecomemorepopularthaneverbefore.Function（ancient）1.markpowerthatoffice,status.（当权者表明官职、地位的标志）2.ThecirculationofgoodsandGuanYitaxcertificate.（货物流通和关邑赋税的凭证）3.Officialstatussymbol.Portable,as“Zhixin,”
6、officialdepartureordeath,choptocollection,afterdeathcanbecopied.（官员身份的象征。随身携带，作为“执信”，官员离任或亡故，官印要收缴，死后可复制殉葬）Function（modern）1.“yin"and“zhang"isasymbolofauthority,representingacertainfunctionandpower.(“印”和“章”便是权威的象征，代表着一定的职能和权力)2.Sealhasastatutoryroleofthecertificate,thesealisalegalact.(
7、印章具有法定的凭证作用，加盖印章是一种法律行为。)3.Whenwecarryingoutthework,thesealwillclearlyindicateitslegalstatus.(在开展工作过程中，印章便明确地表明了其合法身份。)Thankyou
