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1、定语从句(Attributiveclause)一.定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任,此外名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。1.概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。(Attributiveclause)Maryisabeautifulgirl.Maryi
2、sagirlwhohaslonghair.形容词作定语句子作定语,修饰girl,叫做定语从句二.定语从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句Ilovemusicthatissweetandbeautiful.先行词关系词定语从句Ilovemusic.Themusicissweetandbeautiful.Ilikemusic.Icansingalongwiththemusic.IlikemusicthatIcansingalongwith先行词关系词定语从句Hehasafriend.ThefriendcanspeakEnglishHehasafriendwhocansp
3、eakEnglish先行词关系词定语从句先行词关系词定语从句Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.that,which,who,whom,whosewhere,when,why2.结构:先行词+关系词+句子3.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。通常位于定语从句之前。4.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系代词关系副词作用A、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分关系词通常有下列三个作用:A、___________;B、_____________;C、________________________。The man who is
4、 shaking hands with my fatheris a policeman.定语从句先行词关系词“who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。引导定语从句代替先行词在定语从句中担当一个成分三、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人,在从句中做主语1)Theboys____areplayingsoccerarefromClass1.2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldman____losthisway.2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,常可省略。Mr.Liuisthepe
5、rson_____________youtalkedabout.2)Theman______________youmetjustnowismyfriend.(whom/who)who/whomwhowho3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。1)Thepeople______
6、____cometovisitthecityareallhere.(做主语)2)Whereistheman__________________Isawthismorning?(做宾语)做主语做宾语that/whothat/whom/who小结:that:既可指人,也可指物.作主语,不能省略;作宾语,可以省略。which:指物,作主语,不能省略;作宾语,可以省略.who-指人,作主语,不能省略;作宾语,可以省略,(常用whom)注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定.1)I’mreadingabookthat/which__aboutB
7、illGates.2)Heisateacherwho/that________usChinese.3)Theboyswho___playingsoccerarefromClass1.5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriend_______fatherisadoctor.(2)Ioncelivedinahouse_______roofhasfallenin.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。isteachesarewhosewhose1.当先行词是everything, anything, nothing(somethin
8、g外),