欧洲文化入门(八).ppt

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1、DivisionEightMarxism&Darwinism马克思主义与达尔文主讲：西北大学外国语学院胡宗锋教授2006年2月ＳketchoftheChapterI.TheRiseofMarxism(马克思主义)1.GeneralIntroduction2.HistoricalBackground3.ThethreeSourcesandThreeComponentPartsofMarxism(马克思主义的三大来源与三大组成部分)4.MarxandLiterature5.Summing-upII.Darwinism(达尔文主义)1.GeneralIntroduction2.Idea

2、sofEvolutionbeforeDarwin3.LifeofCharlesDarwin4.Darwin’sWorksandTheories5.EffectsofDarwinismTheRiseofMarxism(马克思主义)1.GeneralIntroductiona.borninthe19thcenturyfromEuropeanculture;b.profoundlyaffectedideasabouthistory,society,economics,ideology,cultureandpolitics;c.Twofounders:KarlMarx&Friedrich

3、Engelsd.Theirwritingsiswidelyacknowledgedbothinthewestandintheeasttoanyeducatedperson.TheRiseofMarxismSinceitsemergence,Marxismhasprofoundlyaffectedideasabouthistory,society,economics,ideology,cultureandpoliticacs.TodayitiswidelyacknowledgedeveninthewestthataknowledgeofMarxism,isvirtuallyindi

4、spensabletoaneduactedpersoninourtime.2.HistoricalBackgrounda.TheindustrialRevolution（工业革命）resultedintherapiddevelopmentofmoderncapitalismaswellasthegrowthoftheworkingclassasapowerfulindependentpoliticalforce.b.Thefirsteconomiccrisisintensifiedclassconflict.c.Theworkingclassmovementdevelopedto

5、ahigherlevel(destroymachines→massstrikes,politicaldemonstrations&armeduprisings)3.ThethreeSourcesandThreeComponentPartsofMarxism(马克思主义的三大来源与三大组成部分)a.GermanClassicPhilosophy德国古典哲学b.EnglishClassicalPoliticalEconomy英国古典政治经济学c.UtopianSocialism空想社会主义GermanClassicPhilosophy德国古典哲学Hegeliandialectics（

6、黑格尔辩证法）GermanphilosopherPhenomenology《现象学》MarxthoughthighlyofHegel’sdialecticsii.Ｆeuerbach’smaterialism费尔巴哈的唯物主义LudwingFeuerbach费尔巴哈*GermanPhilosopher*epoch-maker*TheEssenceofChristianity《基督教的本质》（１８４１）iii.Marxistphilosophya.BasedontheGermanclassicalphilosophy,MarxandEngelsdevelopedtheirdialec

7、ticalmaterialism（辨证唯物主义）．b.TheyacceptedHegel’sdialecticsandFeuerbach’smaterialismc.rejectedHegel’sidealistviewonuniverseandthemetaphysicalpartofFeuerbach’sphilosophy.iv.Marxisthistoricalmaterialism历史唯物主义a.Marxisthistoricalmaterialism（历史唯物主义）意