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1、必修1Unit1、2直接引语和间接引语一、直接引语和间接引语的定义直接引语：直接引述别人的话，不做任何改变，用双引号括起来。 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，构成宾语从句。既然引语是人所说的话，那么我们大致可以将人所说的话分为陈述句，一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，祈使句，感叹句，反意疑问句等。二、间接引语一般来说，主句谓语动词常为saidorsaidto,变为间接引语，当直接引语是陈述句时，said-变→said(that),saidto→toldsb.。当直接引语是一般疑问句时，则变为asked/askedsb.+if/whether；当直接引语是特殊疑问句时
2、，则变为askedsb.+what等特殊疑问词引导的句子（疑问词后的句子为陈述句式）。下面列举几个例子来说明：Mr.Blacksaid,"I'mbusy."→Mr.Blacksaidthathewasbusy."I'llgotoyourfarmtomorrow,"hesaidtoher.→Hetoldherthathewouldgotoherfarmthenextday.Hesaid,"Areyouready?"→Heasked(us)ifwewereready.Hesaid,"Whatdoyouwanttodo?"→HeaskedwhatIwantedto
3、do.1.如何变句型：（1）直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。 例：Shesaid,"Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes."→Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.（2）直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。例：Hesaid,"Canyouswim,John?"→HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim. "Youhavefinishedthehomework,haven'tyou?
4、"mymotherasked.→MymotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedthehomework.（3）直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。例：Sheaskedme,"Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?"→Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.（4）直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask,order,advise,invite等)sb(not)todosth."句型。例："Don'tmakeanynois
5、e,"shesaidtothechildren.→Shetold(ordered)thechildrennottomakeanynoise.（5）直接引语如果是以"Let's"开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用"suggest+动句词（或从句）。"例：Hesaid,"Let'sgotothefilm." →Hesuggestedgoingtothefilm.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefilm.2.如何变人称 由直接引语变间接引语时，从句的主语人称要遵循一主、二宾、三不变的原则。（1）直接引语的主语是第一人称变
6、为间接引语时要和主句的主语保持一致。（2）如果直接引语的主语是第二人称变为间接引语时要与主句的宾语保持一致。（3）如果直接引语的主语是第三人称变为间接引语时，人称不变。例：Theysaid,"Wewillgotherebybus."→Theysaidtheywouldgotherebybus.3Shesaidtome,"Areyouinterestedinscience?"→SheaskedmeifIwasinterestedinscience.Hismothersaidtome,"Hecan'tswim."→Hismothertoldmethathecou
7、ldn'tswim.3.如何变时态：（1）直接引语变为间接引语时，如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语从句的时态保持不变。例：Shewillsay,"I'lldoittomorrow."→Shewillsaythatshe'lldoitthenextday.（2）如果主句的时态是一般过去时，从句的时态则应是与主句时态相应的过去时态。例：Thegirlsaid,"I'msorryforbeinglateforclass." →Thegirlsaidthatshewassorryforbeinglateforclass.Hesaidtome
8、,"Iamwritingaletter."→Heto
