语言学概论教案.doc

《语言学概论教案.doc》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、语言学概论教案ChapterOneInvitationstoLinguisticsFocusandDifficulties：1.DesignFeaturesofLanguage2.FunctionsofLanguage3.ImportantDistinctionsinLinguistics4.DesignFeaturesofLanguage5.FunctionsofLanguage6.ImportantDistinctionsinLinguisticsTeachingContents：I.WhyStudyLanguage?1.1Somemythsaboutlanguag

2、enLanguageisonlyameansofcommunication.nLanguagehasaform-meaningcorrespondence.nThefunctionoflanguageistoexchangeinformation.nEnglishismoredifficulttolearnthanChinese.nBlackEnglishisnotstandardandshouldbereformed.1.2SomefundamentalviewsaboutLnChildrenlearntheirnativelanguageswiftly,effici

3、entlyandwithoutinstruction.nLanguageoperatesbyrules.nAlllanguageshavethreemajorcomponents:asoundsystem,asystemoflexicogrammarandasystemofsemantics.nEveryonespeaksadialect.nLanguageslowlychanges.nSpeakersofalllanguagesemployarangeofstylesandasetofjargons.nLanguagesareintimatelyrelatedtoth

4、esocietiesandindividualswhousethem.nWritingisderivativeofspeech.II.WhatIsLanguage?Language“isnottobeconfusedwithhumanspeech,ofwhichitisonlyadefinitepart,thoughcertainlyanessentialone.Itisbothasocialproductofthefacultyofspeechandacollectionofnecessaryconventionsthathavebeenadoptedbyasocia

5、lbodytopermitindividualstoexercisethatfaculty”.--FerdinanddeSaussure(1857-1913):CourseinGeneralLinguistics(1916)“Languageisapurelyhumanandnon-instinctivemethodofcommunicatingideas,emotionsanddesiresbymeansofvoluntarilyproducedsymbols.”--EdwardSapir(1884-1939):Language:AnIntroductiontothe

6、StudyofSpeech(1921)“Alanguageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsbymeansofwhichasocialgroupco-operates.”--BernardBloch(1907-1965)&GeorgeTrager(1906-1992):OutlineofLinguisticAnalysis(1942)“Alanguageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsbymeansofwhichthemembersofasocietyinteractintermsoftheirtotalcu

7、lture.”--GeorgeTrager:TheFieldofLinguistics(1949)“FromnowonIwillconsiderlanguagetobeaset(finiteorinfinite)ofsentences,eachfiniteinlengthandconstructedoutofafinitesetofelements.”--NoamChomsky(1928-):SyntacticStructures(1957)Languageis“theinstitutionwherebyhumanscommunicate