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1、Chapter3DepositoryInstitutionsFinancialintermediariescanbedividedintotwobroadcategories:depositoryandnon-depositoryinstitutions.Depositoryinstitutionsarefinancialinstitutionsthatacceptdepositsfromsaversandmakeloanstoborrowers;normally,weusetheterm“banks”asanalternative.2021/7
2、/212Chapter3DepositoryInstitutionsTheoperationsofindividualbanksareroughlysimilarthroughouttheworld.Inallcountries,banksarefinancialintermediariesinthebusinessofearningprofits.Consideringthestructureandoperationofthebankingindustryasawhole,however,thebusinessofbankingvariesfr
3、omnationtonation.Eachcountryhasitsownuniquebankinghistory,andthisfactaloneaccountsfordistinctivefeaturesofnationalbankingsystem.2021/7/213Chapter3DepositoryInstitutionsIntheUnitedStates,therearethreebasictypesofdepositoryinstitutions:1.commercialbanks2.savingsandloaninstituti
4、ons(S&Ls)3.creditunionsHistorically,theyeachservedadifferentpurposeandadifferentmarket.Since1980,allthesedepositoryinstitutionshavebeenabletomakecommercialloans,issuecreditcards,establishtrustdepartments,andenterotherrelatedlinesofbusiness.2021/7/214Chapter3DepositoryInstitut
5、ionsCommercialbanksplayanimportantroleinfacilitatingeconomicgrowth.Formanyyears,theyweretheonlyfirmsallowedtoissuedemanddepositsandthusdominatedthepaymentsystemthroughouttheUnitedStates.Acommercialbankisaninstitutionthatacceptsdepositsandusestheproceedstomakeconsumer,commerci
6、al,andmortgageloans.Originallyestablishedtomeettheneedsofbusinesses,manyofthesebanksnowserveindividualcustomersaswell.1.CommercialBanks2021/7/215Chapter3DepositoryInstitutionsThepresenceofsomanycommercialbanksintheUnitedStatesactuallyreflectspastregulationsthatrestrictedtheab
7、ilityofthesefinancialinstitutionstoopenbranches.Eachstatehaditsownregulationsonthetypeandnumberofbranchesthatabankcouldopen.TheMcFaddenActof1927,whichwasdesignedtoputnationalbanksandstatebanksonanequalfooting(andtheDouglasAmendmentof1956),effectivelyprohibitedbanksfrombranchi
8、ngacrossstatelinesandforcedallnationalbankstoconformtothebranchingre
