国际贸易专业英语第二版课件檀文茹主编 ISBN9787811343076lesson 2.ppt

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1、UnitTwoTheGoalsandInstrumentsofInternationalTradePolicyPre-readingQuestionsDoyouhaveanyideaaboutwhatatradepolicyis?Whatarethepossibleobjectivesinformulatingainternationaltradepolicy?Whatinstrumentscouldbeusedtorealizethegoalsoftheinternationaltradepolicy?Whattrad

2、epolicieshasChinaadopted?Arefreetradepoliciesthebestforeachnationintheworld?AutarkyAtoneextremeistheobjectiveofautarkyornaturalself-sufficiency.EconomicWelfareAttheoppositeextremetoautarkyliesthegoalofeconomicwelfarethatspringsfromtheconceptionofinternationaltrad

3、eandinvestmentasanopportunitytoreapthebenefitsofinternationalspecialization.Protectionismtheprotectionofdomesticproducersagainstthefreecompetitionofimportsbyregulatingtheirvolumethroughtariffs,quotasandthelike.StableLevelsofEmploymentContemporarygovernmentstrytor

4、estraininflationwhileatthesametimesustainingemployment,althoughtheyarecommonlyfrustratedbyconflictsbetweenthepoliciesneededtoachievethesegoals.BalanceofPaymentsSoonerorlater,allnationsarecompelledtoremedydeficitsintheirbalanceofpayments,whetherthroughmarketadjust

5、mentsorcontrols.Whenanation’sreserveislowanditsbalanceofpaymentsisweak,theobjectiveofpaymentsequilibriummaycometodominateotherobjectivesofitsforeigneconomicpolicyandevenofitsdomesticpolicy.EconomicDevelopmenttariffsandotherrestrictivedevicesareemployedtoprotect“i

6、nfantindustries”ortokeepout“nonessential”consumergoods.Ontheotherhand,capitalgoodsandother“essential”importsareencouragedbysubsidiesorfavorableexchangequotas.Exportsmayalsoberegulatedinanattempttopromoteeconomicdevelopment.AgreementsandTreatiesMuchoftheforeigneco

7、nomicpolicyofanationiseffectedthroughagreementsandtreatieswithothernations.Forthemostpart,thelegalrightsthatindividualsandbusinessenterprisesenjoyintheforeigncountryarethosespelledoutintreatiesandagreementspreviouslynegotiatedbytheirowngovernments.TradeandInvestm

8、entPoliciesTradepolicyreferstoallgovernmentactionsthatseektoaltercurrentaccounttransactions,especiallytradeinmerchandise.Historically,themaininstrumentoftradep