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1、GrammarandusagePresentperfecttense现在完成时结构：肯定：have/hasdone否定：have/hasnotdone疑问：Has/Have+主语+done简略答语:Yes,主语+have/has.(肯定)No,主语+haven't/hasn't.(否定)被动：has/havebeendone注意：1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastweek,threeyearsago等;2)不能与when连用3).现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用用法一：表示(不确定的)过去发
2、生的动作对现在产生影响或造成结果。Ihavealreadylostthekey.(我现在没有钥匙)Ihaven’treadthatbookyet.(不了解书的内容)Ihavejustcleanedmyhands.(手是干净的)常与already(已经),yet(已经),just(刚刚),ever(曾经)never(从不)，recently(最近),lately(近来)等词连用.already:常用于肯定句中.yet:常用于否定句,疑问句尾.注意：just:刚刚，与现在完成时连用justnow:刚才，与一般过去时连用e.g.Ihavejustb
3、oughtapenIboughtapenjustnow.用法二:表示从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，也可能继续持续下去，只能用于某些延续性动词，常与for…,since…,或和表示从过去某时到现在这段时间的时间状语（如:sofar,uptonow,inthelastfewyears/days等）连用。ShehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.HehaslivedinBeijingsincehewasborn.HashelivedinShenzhenfor4years?since:(自…以来)1)since+时间点He h
4、as stayed heresince 5 o’clock.2)since+时间段+agoHe has stayed heresince 5 hours ago.3)since+从句She has taught Englishsince he came here.for:(长达）for+时间段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.since,for的用法:Takenotes用for或since填空Mr.BrownhashadhisTV______15years.I’vetakendrivinglessons_______last
5、month.Mysisterhashadhercellphone______amonth.Myfriendshaven’tvisitedme______mybirthday.Wehaven’tusedourcar_____alongtime.Shehasn’thadagoodcupofcoffee_____years.Tomhaswornglasses_______hewas7yearsold.forsinceforsinceforforsince注意：瞬间动词在肯定句中不能与for，since等表示一段时间的时间状语连用延续性动词表示能够延
6、续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。瞬间动词也称非延续性动词、终止性动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如：open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach,get to, leave, die, borrow,buy等。当现在完成时+一段时间注意：1)Tomhass
7、tudiedRussianforthreeyears.=TombegantostudyRussianthreeyearsago,andisstillstudyingitnow. 2)(错)Harryhasgotmarriedforsixyears.=Harrybegantogetmarriedsixyearsago,andisstillgettingmarriednow.改为:Harrygotmarriedsixyearsago.或Harryhasbeenmarriedforsixyears.误Ihavereceivedhisletterfo
8、rtwodays.正Ireceivedhislettertwodaysago.Ihavehadhisletterfortwodays.Itistwodayssinc
