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1、1、"Wecanusuallylearnmuchmorefrompeoplewhoseviewswesharethanfrompeoplewhoseviewscontradictourown;disagreementcancausestressandinhibitlearning."1．我们通常从和我们意见统一的人那里学到的东西比从和我们意见相悖的人那里学到的东西多的多；意见分歧阻碍了学习。Althoughwecanlearnknowledgefrompeoplewhoseviewsweshare,theknowledgeislimited,sincet
2、hesphereofknowledgeofthepeoplewhosharethesameopinionareconfinedtosamelevelofcognitionwithus.Itwillbequitedifferentifwecommunicatewithpeoplewhoseviewscontradicttoours.Admittedthat,itislittleharderorevenbittertoacceptoppositeviewsforusduetoourself-assertionisimpairedcausedbyother’s
3、challenge.2、"Competitionisultimatelymorebeneficialthandetrimentaltosociety."2．竞争对社会的好处大于坏处。Throughcompeting,theonewhoismosteligibleisputontherightplace,andthenwillproducemuchmorevaluesthanthosewhoarenotcompetentasheorshe.While,ontheotherhand,ifacompetitionisfraughtwithadulteratio
4、nandillegality,itwillbringdeteriorationtothesocietyratherthanprogress.Acaseinpointisrelatedtomarketeconomics.3."Itismoreimportanttoallocatemoneyforimmediate,existingsocialproblemsthantospenditonlong-termresearchthatmighthelpfuturegenerations."3．我们应该把更多的钱用在当前的问题上，而不是用在可能有助于我们后代的长期
5、的研究项目上。Whenweenjoythefruitsofindustrializationanddemocracy,weare,ontheotherside,confrontedwithsocialproblemsbroughtbyasanotherconsequenceofthisprocess.Firstly,immediate,existingsocialproblemsthatbaffledusdeeplyneedtoberesolvedasquicklyaspossiblesotorestoreasoundsocietyandconducei
6、tshealthydevelopment.However,manypresentsocialproblemscannotberesolvedimmediatelyaswehoped.Furthermore,neglectinglong-termresearchesthatmayhelpfuturegenerations,overemphasizingtofocusonthepresentproblems,mayresultinincompleteresolutiontothesesocialproblems,whichcanmerelybeanexped
7、ienceratherthanaresolution.4."Nofieldofstudycanadvancesignificantlyunlessoutsidersbringtheirknowledgeandexperiencetothatfieldofstudy."4．如果没有失败者介绍自己的经验和知识，没有哪个领域的研究会取得长足的进步。%%几乎没有任何领域能够取得具有重要意义的进步,除非结合其他行业的知识和经验到该领域中来%%Iagreewiththeassertionthatsignificantadvancesinknowledgerequir
8、eexpertiseformvariousfields.A.Noareaofin
