高考阅读理解解题技巧.doc

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1、专题一、阅读理解一阅读理解的测试要点及阅读策略一、测试要点：1.掌握文章主旨大意2.了解用于阐述主旨的事实及有关细节3.根据上下文分猜测词汇与短语的意义4.既理解个别句子的意义也理解上下文之间的逻辑5.根据文章进行一定的判断、推理和引申6.正确领会作者的观点及态度二、阅读策略1.必须集中注意力，克服不良习惯，切忌指读、唇读、默读、逐字读、重读2.阅读方法：A.先看题干，带着问题读文章，阅读过程中遇到相关问题用笔划出，题目中出现段落也要记得标出段落；B.速读全文，了解大意知主题（注意抓首尾及各段主题句关键词）；C.

2、详读细节，用定位词法，选出正确答案；D，逻辑推理，做好深层理解，以便解决推断题。（细节的暗示、作者态度、文章寓意）三、高考阅读理解命题特点及命题题型命题特点：顺序原则、段内原则命题题型：细节题（正误判断题客观信息题）、推理判断题、猜测词义题、主旨大意题四、阅读理解答题技巧之定位词定位词包括：1.专有名词（关注表示地名人名等的专有名词，表示年份、数字、百分数等的数词，以及题干中出现的大写的名词）如：AccordingtoCaliforniastudy,thelow-scoringgroupmight____.Wha

3、tisthepurposeoftheTPCGBcampaign?2.实义名词（指代某种现实事物的具体名词）如：Whenyourcolleaguebringsaboutaproblem,youshould____.Theauthorfeelssadsometimesbecause____.3.动词、形容词、副词，如：A.What is special about Samuel Osmond？原文：SamuelOsmondisa19-year-oldlawstudentfromCornwall,England.Hen

4、everstudiedthepiano.However,hecanplayverydifficultmusicalpiecesbymusicianssuchasChopinandBeethovenjustafewminutesafterhehearsthem.B.Whatisfoundsurprisingaboutcatsanddogs?原文：Inhomeswithcatsanddogslivingpeacefully,researchersobservedasurprisingbehavior.Theyarel

5、earninghowtotalkeachother’slanguage.Itisasurprisethatcatscanlearnhowtotalk‘dog’,anddogscanlearnhowtotalk‘Cat’.定位词的转化1.词汇替换如：Whywastheauthor’smotherpoorlyserved?原文：BecauseofherEnglish,Shewasoftentreatedunfairly.2.转换词性与结构如：Whatmadesomepeopledifferentfromothersa

6、ccordingtoConfucius?原文：Heassumedthatallmenwereequalatbirth,thoughsomepotentialthanothers,arethatitwasknowledgethatsetthemapart.3.题干中找不到定位词时，在选项中寻找（细节题中常见）如：WhatdoweknowaboutTom?A..HewasseriouslyillB.B.Hewasadishonestboy.C.C.HewascrazyaboutmagicD.D.HewasDr.Eps

7、tein’spatient五、阅读理解答题技巧之排除法1.、正确选项一般是文章细节的同义改写或者归纳总结如：Accordingtothepassage,thegreatestchallengetothenewhigh-speedrailwayplanis____.原文:Butthekeyissueisreallymoney.Chinaisalreadyspendinghundredsofbillionsofyuanondomesticrailwayexpansion.2.错误选项特征：1）张冠李戴：把A的特点说出

8、B的特点2）断章取义：抓住一个字眼或细节做文章，对作者本意歪曲的理解如：：Aftercountlessinterviewsandpresentations,Imanagedtostandoutamongthecandidatesandsurvivethetestalone.Severalmonthslater,Ifinallyreceivedacallaskingmeto