材料科学基础词汇表.doc

《材料科学基础词汇表.doc》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。

1、材料科学基础专业词汇:第一章晶体结构原子质量单位Atomicmassunit(amu)原子数Atomicnumber原子量Atomicweight波尔原子模型Bohratomicmodel键能Bondingenergy库仑力Coulombicforce共价键Covalentbond分子的构型molecularconfiguration电子构型electronicconfiguration负电的Electronegative止电的Electropositive基态Groundstate氢键Hydrogenbond离子键Ionicbond同位索Isotope

2、金属键Metallicbond摩尔Mole分子Molecule泡利不相容原理Pauliexclusionprinciple元索周期表Periodictabic原了atom分子molecule分子量moleculeweight极性分子Polarmolecule量子数quantumnumber价电子valenceelectron范徳华键vanderwaalsbond电子轨道electronorbitals点群pointgroup对称要索symmetryelements各向异性anisotropy原子堆积因数atomicpackingfactor(APF)体心

3、立方结构body-ccntcrcdcubic(BCC)面心立方结构face-centeredcubic(FCC)布拉格左律bragg^slaw配位数coordinationnumber晶体结构crystalstructure晶系crystalsystem晶体的crystalline衍射diffraction中子衍射neutrondiffraction电子衍射electrondiffraction晶界grainboundary六方密堆积hexagonalclose-packed(HCP)鲍林规则Pauling5srulesNaCI型结构NaCl—types

4、tructureCsCI型结构CaesiumChloridestructure闪锌矿型结构Blende-typestructure纤锌矿型结构Wurtzitestructure金红石型结构Rutilestructure萤石型结构Fluoritestructure钙钛矿型结构Perovskite-typestructure尖晶石型结构Spinel-typestructure硅酸盐结构Structureofsilicates岛状结构Islandstructure链状结构Chainstructure层状结构Layerstructure架状结构Framework

5、structure滑石talc叶蜡石pyrophyllite高岭石kaolinite石英quartz长石feldspar美橄榄石forsterite各向同性的isotropic各向异性的anisotropy晶格lattice晶格参数latticeparameters密勒指数millerindices非结晶的noncrystalline多晶的polycrystallinc多晶形polymorphism单晶singlecrystal晶胞unitcell电位electronstates(化合)价valence电子electrons共价键covalentbond

6、ing金属键metallicbonding离子键Ionicbonding极性分子polarmolecules原子面密度atomicplanardensity衍射角diffractionangle合金alloy粒度，晶粒大小grainsize显微结构microstructure显微照相photomicrograph扫描电子显微镜scanningelectronmicroscope(SEM)透射电子显微镜smissionelectronmicroscope(TEM)重量百分数weightpercent四方的tetragonal单斜的monoclinic配位数

7、coordinationnumber第二章晶体结构缺陷缺陷defect,imperfection点缺陷pointdefect线缺陷linedefect,dislocation面缺陷interfacedefect体缺陷volumedefect位错排列dislocationaiTangement位错线dislocationline刃位错edgedislocation螺位错screwdislocation混合位错mixeddislocation晶界grainboundaries大角度晶界hiuh-andeurainboundaries小角度晶界tiltboun

8、dary,挛晶界twinboundaries位错阵列dislocationarr