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1、2019高考英语3-2-1精品系列专项10定语从句(学生版)专题10定语从句【考点定位】2018考纲解读和近几年考点分布【考点pk】名师考点透析考点1:关系代词一览表关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingTheboy
2、(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar..whose人,物定语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.that人,物主语宾语Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主语宾语Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewh
3、ichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人,物主语宾语Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as做宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhichwhere地点地点状语ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用inwhichwhy原因原因状语Ican’timaginet
4、hereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhich考点2:that与which,who,whom的用法区别(2)当先行词前面有only,some,any,no,every,little,few,much,all,very等形容词修饰时,只能用that。如:Thisistheonlyproblemthatwecan’tworkout.这是我们不能解决的唯一的一个问题。(3)当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that。如:Thisisthemostinteresti
5、ngbookthatIhaveeverread.这是我读过的最有趣的书。(4)当先行词同时包括人和物时,只能用that。如:Luxunandhisworksthatwearefamiliarwithareconsideredgreat.人们认为我们所熟识的鲁迅及其作品都很伟大。(5)当先行词在定语从句中作表语时,只能用that。如:ThisisabookthatIhavebeenlookingforsincelastweek.这就是那本自上周以来我一直在寻找的书。(6)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句
6、时,只能用that。如:Whichisthepicturethatyoudrewyesterday?你昨天画的那张画是哪一张?(3)先行词为代词that或that所修饰时,只能用which。如:Idon’ttakethatwhichistooexpensive.我不要太贵的那一个。who(whom)和that的用法区别详解:在定语从句中,关系代词who(whom)和that都可指人和物,在一般情况下,可以互换使用,但在以下情况下值得注意:一、用who(whom)而不用that的情形(1)在非限制性定语从句
7、中的先行词指人时,只能用who(whom)。如:Mysister,whoisstudyingabroad,sentmeabeautifulpresentjustbeforethisChristmas.我姐姐,她在国外学习,就在圣诞节前给我寄来了漂亮的礼物。(2)当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时,只能用who(whom)。如:Doyouknowthegirlinfrontoftheblackboardwhoisspeakingtothestudents?你认识黑板前面正在给学生们讲话的那位女孩子吗?(
8、3)当先行词为people和those时,只能用who(whom)。如:Thosewhowanttogotherecomehereplease.那些想去那儿的人请来这边。(4)当先行词为one,ones,anyone,everyone,none,all(指人)时,只能用who(whom)。如:Anyonewhoisagainstusisourenemy.任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。(5)先行词指人,而关系代词在从句中作主语