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1、2014考研英语阅读理解考前模拟题Text1Anindustrialsociety,especiallyoneascentralizedandconcentratedasthatofBritain,isheavilydependentoncertainessentialservices:forinstance,electricitysupply,water,railandroadtransport,andharbors.Theareaofdependencyhaswidenedtoincluderemovingrubbish,hospitalandambulanceservices,and,
2、astheeconomydevelops,centralcomputerandinformationservicesaswell.Ifanyoftheseservicesceasestooperate,thewholeeconomicsystemisindanger.Itisthiseconomicinterdependencyoftheeconomicsystemwhichmakesthepoweroftradeunionssuchanimportantissue.Singletradeunionshavetheabilitytocutoffmanycountries'economicbl
3、oodsupply.ThiscanhappenmoreeasilyinBritainthaninsomeothercountries,inpartbecausethelaborforceishighlyorganized.About55percentofBritishworkersbelongtounions,comparedtounderaquarterintheUnitedStates.Forhistoricalreasons,Britain'sunionshavetendedtodevelopalongtradeandoccupationallines,ratherthanonanin
4、dustry-by-industrybasis,whichmakesawagespolicy,democracyinindustryandtheimprovementofprocedureforfixingwagelevelsdifficulttoachieve.Thereareconsiderablestrainsandtensionsinthetradeunionmovement,someofthemarisingfromtheiroutdatedandinefficientstructure.Someunionshavelostmanymembersbecauseoftheirindu
5、strialchanges.Othersareinvolvedinargumentsaboutwhoshouldrepresentworkersinnewtrades.Unionsforskilledtradesareseparatefromgeneralunions,whichmeansthatdifferentlevelsofwagesforcertainjobsareoftenasourceofbadfeelingbetweenunions.Intraditionaltradeswhicharebeingpushedoutofexistencebyadvancingtechnologi
6、es,unionscanfightfortheirmembersdisappointingjobstothepointwherethejobsofotherunionmembersarethreatenedordestroyed.TheprintingofnewspapersbothintheUnitedStatesandinBritainhasfrequentlybeenhaltedbytheeffortsofprinterstoholdontotheirtraditionalhighly-paidjobs.Tradeunionshaveproblemsofinternalcommunic
7、ationjustasmanagersincompaniesdo,problemswhichmultiplyinverylargeunionsorinthosewhichbringworkersinverydifferentindustriestogetherintoasinglegeneralunion.Sometradeunionofficialshavetobere-electedregularly;o
