2011综合类职称英语教材新增文章--完形填空.doc

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1、【新增】LifeExpectancyintheLastHundredYears(A级)上世纪人类平均寿命的变化　　Ahundredyearsago，lifeexpectancyindevelopedcountrieswasabout47;intheearly21stcentury，menintheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdomcanexpecttolivetoabout74，womentoabout80，andtheseagesarerisingallthetime.Whathasbroughtabout

2、thesechanges?Whenwelookatthelifespanofpeople100yearsago，weneedtolookatthegreatestkillersofthetime.Intheearly20thcentury，theseweretheacuteandoftenhighlyinfectiousdiseasessuchassmallpox.Manychildrendiedveryyoungfromthesediseasesandothers，andtheweakandelderlywerealwaysatris

3、k.　　Inthedevelopedworldthesediseasesarefarlessdeadlytoday，andinsomecaseshavealmostdisappeared.Anumberoffactorshaveledtothis：improvementsinsanitationandhygiene.thediscoveryanduseofantibiotics，whichmakebacterialdiseasesmuchlessdangerous，andvaccinationsagainstcommondiseases

4、.Inaddition，people’sgeneralhealthhasimprovedwithimprovementsinourgeneralenvironment：cleanerair,bettermeansofpreservingfood，betterandwarmerhousing，andbetterunderstandingofnutrition.　　Genetically,weshouldallbeabletolivetoabout85butwhilepeopledolivelongertoday，therearestill

5、somebigkillersaroundthatarepreventingUSfromconsistentlyreachingthatage.Theproblemsthataffectpeopletodayarethemorechronicillnesses，suchasheartdiseaseandstrokes，andthosespreadbyviruses，suchasinfluenzaandAIDS1.Ofcourse，cancerisahugekilleraswell.Inmostcasesthesediseasesaffec

6、tolderpeople，butthereareworryingtrendsinthedevelopedworldwithproblemssuchasobesityleadingtomoreheartdiseaseandillnessessuchasdiabetesatyoungerages.　　Thekillerstodaycanbeclassedas“lifestylediseases",whichmeansthatitmaybepossibletohalttheirprogress.【词汇】expectancyn.预期preser

7、vevt.保藏，防止(食物)腐烂　acuteadj.(疾病)急性的　infectiousadj.传染性的nutritionn.营养smallpoxn.天花chronicadj.(疾病)慢性的　　sanitationn.环境卫生stroken.中风　　hygienen.个人卫生virusn.病毒　antibioticn.抗生素influenzan.流行性感冒bacterialadj细菌性的trendn.趋势，倾向　vaccinationn.种痘obesityn肥胖　diabetesn.糖尿病haltvt.使…停止　bringabout带来

8、，　lifespan寿命百年以前，发达国家的人均寿命大约是47岁；到21世纪初，美英两国的男性平均寿命约为74岁，女性则约为80岁，人们的平均寿命一直在延长。是什么造成了这样的变化呢？在研究一百年前的人们寿