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1、AModestProposalJonathanSwiftWhatisthepoliticalcontextforthisproposal?Whatisthemelancholyobject,accordingtoSwift,whenpeoplewentthroughthecountry?Theauthorprovidesstatisticalevidenceforhisproposal.Howdoesheworkoutthenumberofchildrentobesoldannually?Whatassumptiondoesh
2、eprovideabouttheirweightandprice?Howdoessuggestthatthebabiesshouldbeconsumed?WhatdoesJonathanSwiftmeanby“Igrantthisfoodwillbesomewhatdear,andthereforeveryproperforlandlords,who,astheyhavealreadydevouredmostoftheparents,seemtohavethebesttitletothechildren.”?(P258)Whi
3、chmonthoffersthebestsupplyofthebabies?Thenarrator’sfriendhasanothersuggestion,whydoesherejectit?(P259)Explaintheuseofironyandsatireinthisessay.1.Whatisthesocialcontextforthisproposal?SwiftpublishedAModestProposalin1729asapamphlet.Atthattime,Ireland(notanindependentc
4、ountry)wasfarpoorerthanEngland.ThisrulingclasswereusuallyProtestants.ManyofthemwerenotborninIreland,nordidtheylivetherepermanently.MostIrishpeoplewereRomanCatholicsandemployedaslabourersortenants.Theyhadbeendriventoextremepoverty.2.Whatisthemelancholyobject,accordin
5、gtoSwift,whenpeoplewentthroughthecountry?Inthiscountry,therewereaprodigiousmemberofwomenbeggarswiththeirchildrenbecauseofextremepoverty.Inviewoftheproblemthatparentscouldn’taffordtoraisetheirchildren,JonathanSwiftpresentsinaveryseriousmannerwithfactsandfiguresandver
6、yrefineddictionafair,cheapandeasymethodofmakingthesechildrensoundusefulmembersofthecommonwealth.《一个谦卑的建议》以文雅的措词和所谓经济学数据，郑重其事地作为“一个公正、不费钱而又简易可行的办法”提出来，自称目的在于解决爱尔兰穷人儿女过多而又无力养育的迫切问题。Whatistheproposal?…anditisexactlyatoneyearoldthatIproposetoprovidefortheminsuchamannera
7、sinsteadofbeingachargeupontheirparentsortheparish,orwantingfoodandraimentfortherestoftheirlives,theyshallonthecontrarycontributetothefeeding,andpartlytotheclothing,ofmanythousands.(P256)3.Theauthorprovidesstatisticalevidenceforhisproposal.Howdoesheworkoutthenumberof
8、babiestosoldannually?Thewholepopulationmightbe1millionandahalf.(150,0000)Twohundredthousandwomenwerebreeders.(20,0000)Thirtythousandcouple
