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1、第11讲句子种类和成分一、完成句子,每空一词DoyouWhat1.—________________(你)oftenexercise?—Yes.Don'tWhata2.—________(什么)areyoudoinghere?—Wearepracticinganewshow.3.________(不要)tellmethesamestoryanymore.Idon'twanttolistentoitagain.or4.________________(多么)greatchangeitis!5.—IsheJim________(还是)Tom?—Ithinkhe's
2、Tom.didn'the→didheHowlong→Howsoon二、单句改错1.Hedidn'tdoanythingaboutit,didn'the?______________2.Howlongwillthebuildingbefinished?_______________________What→Why3.Whatdoeshewanttobeapilot?____________4.Whatabeautifulitis!______________5.Idon'tthinkshe'sthatyoung,doI?______________Whata→H
3、owdoI→isn'tshe句子种类一般疑问句1.把be动词、助动词、情态动词置于句首。2.直接用yes或no来回答。3.如果提问人对答案没有肯定或否定的意向,句中常用非肯定词。如:Arethereanytreesinthegarden?院子里有树吗?如果提问人希望得到肯定的回答,则句中常用肯定词。如:Wouldyoulikesomedrink?你想喝点什么吗?特殊疑问句特殊疑问句是用疑问代词或疑问副词提问的句子,不用yes或no回答,而是根据具体情况进行回答。1.疑问词作句子的宾语、状语、表语或修饰这三种成分时,用“疑问词+一般疑问句”结构。如:Howdid
4、youcomehere?你怎么来这里的?2.疑问词作主语或主语的定语时,用陈述句语序。如:WhosefatherworksinShanghai?谁的父亲在上海工作?3.特殊疑问词有:when,where,what,who,whom,whose,which,why,how,howmany,howmuch,howsoon,howoften,howold等。选择疑问句由“一般疑问句+or+供选择的部分”构成,不能用yes或no来回答。如:—Isitthenameofabookoramovie?它是一本书还是一部电影的名字?—It'sthenameofabook.它是
5、一本书的名字。反意疑问句1.构成:陈述句+简略问句遵循原则:前肯定,后否定;前否定,后肯定。简略问句的主语与陈述句的主语保持一致,且只能用相应的人称代词(there除外)。简略问句的谓语动词也与陈述句的谓语保持一致;如果是否定,一定要用缩写。如:Yourbrotherwenthome,didn'the?你哥哥回家了,是吗?Therearemanyflowersinthebox,aren'tthere?盒子里有很多花,是吗?2.陈述句用“I'm...”结构时,简略问句一般用“aren'tI”。3.陈述句中有little,few,no,never,nothing,
6、nobody,hardly等表示否定意义的词时,简略问句用肯定形式。如:Thereislittlemilkinthebottle,isthere?瓶子里没多少牛奶了,是吗?4.陈述句主语为不定代词nothing,something,anything时,简略问句的主语用代词it;陈述句主语为不定代词everyone,noone,someone,everybody,nobody,anybody时,简略问句的主语常用代词they,有时也用he。5.陈述句的主语是指示代词this或that时,简略问句的主语用it;陈述句的主语是these或those时,简略问句的主语
7、用they。6.陈述句部分如果是“I(don't)think(believe,suppose...)+宾语从句”结构,简略问句的主语和谓语应与宾语从句中的主语和谓语保持一致。如:Idon'tthinkheisright,ishe?我认为他不对,是吧?7.陈述句部分含有情态动词must,表示猜测“一定是;必定”时,简略问句部分与must后面的部分保持一致,不能用mustn't;当must表示“一定要;必须”时,简略问句部分用needn't。如:Youmustbealawyer,aren'tyou?你一定是个律师,是不是?Hemustreturntomorrow,
8、needn'the?他明天必须回去,是