Psychoanalysis.doc

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1、PsychoanalysisbyBySaulMcLeodpublished2007,updated2014PsychoanalysiswasfoundedbySigmundFreud(1856-1939).Freudbelievedthatpeoplecouldbecuredbymakingconscioustheirunconsciousthoughtsandmotivations,thusgaininginsight.Theaimofpsychoanalysistherapyistoreleas

2、erepressedemotionsandexperiences,i.e.maketheunconsciousconscious.Itisonlyhavingacathartic(i.e.healing)experiencecanthepersonbehelpedand"cured".PsychoanalysisAssumptionsPsychoanalyticpsychologistsseepsychologicalproblemsasrootedintheunconsciousmind.Mani

3、festsymptomsarecausedbylatent(hidden)disturbances.Typicalcausesincludeunresolvedissuesduringdevelopmentorrepressedtrauma.Treatmentfocusesonbringingtherepressedconflicttoconsciousness,wheretheclientcandealwithit.Howcanweunderstandtheunconsciousmind?Reme

4、mber,psychoanalysisisatherapyaswellasatheory.Psychoanalysisiscommonlyusedtotreatdepressionandanxietydisorders.Inpsychoanalysis(therapy)Freudwouldhaveapatientlieonacouchtorelax,andhewouldsitbehindthemtakingnoteswhiletheytoldhimabouttheirdreamsandchildho

5、odmemories.Psychoanalysiswouldbealengthyprocess,involvingmanysessionswiththepsychoanalyst.Duetothenatureofdefensemechanismsandtheinaccessibilityofthedeterministicforcesoperatingintheunconscious,psychoanalysisinitsclassicformisalengthyprocessofteninvolv

6、ing2to5sessionsperweekforseveralyears.Thisapproachassumesthatthereductionofsymptomsaloneisrelativelyinconsequentialasiftheunderlyingconflictisnotresolved,moreneuroticsymptomswillsimplybesubstituted.Theanalysttypicallyisa'blankscreen',disclosingverylitt

7、leaboutthemselvesinorderthattheclientcanusethespaceintherelationshiptoworkontheirunconsciouswithoutinterferencefromoutside.Thepsychoanalystusesvarioustechniquesasencouragementfortheclienttodevelopinsightsintotheirbehaviorandthemeaningsofsymptoms,includ

8、inginkblots,parapraxes,freeassociation,interpretation(includingdreamanalysis),resistanceanalysisandtransferenceanalysis.1)RorschachinkblotsDuetothenatureofdefensemechanismsandtheinaccessibilityofthedeterministicforcesoperatingintheuncon