冶金专业英语翻译.doc

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1、jiangsuuniversityofscieneeandtechnology科目专业英语专业冶金工程姓名仲光绪学号1045562137TheBasicOxygenSteelmaking(BOS)ProcessHISTORYOFTHEBASICOXYGENSTEELMAKINGPROCESSBasicOxygenSteelmakingisunquestionablythe”sonofBessemer'：theoriginalpneumaticprocesspatentedbySirHenryBess

2、emerin1856・Becauseoxygenwasnotavailablecommerciallyinthosedays,airwastheoxidant.Itwasblownthroughtuyeresinthebottomofthepearshapedvessel.Sinceairis80%inertnitrogen,whichenteredthevesselcoldbutexitedhot,removedsomuchheatfromtheprocessthatthechargehadtob

3、ealmost100%hotmetalforittobeautogenous.TheinabilityoftheBessemerprocesstomeltsignificantquantitiesofscrapbecameaneconomichandicapassteelscrapaccumulated・BessemerproductionpeakedintheU.S.in1906andlingereduntilthe1960s.Therearetwointerestinghistoricalfoo

4、tnotestotheoriginalBessemerstory:WilliamKellywasawardedtheoriginalU.S.patentforpneumaticsteelmakingoverBessemerin1857.However,itisclearthatKell/s"airboiling”processwasconductedatsuchlowblowingratesthattheheatgenerationbarelyoffsettheheatlosses・Heneverd

5、evelopedacommercialprocessformakingsteelconsistently.MostEuropeanironoresandthereforehotmetalwashighinsulfurandphosphorusandnoprocessestoremovethesefromsteelhadbeendevelopedinthe1860s・Asaresult,Bessemerssteelsufferedfromboth”hotshortness11(duetosulfur)

6、andHcoldshortness'*(duetophosphorus)thatrendereditunrollable.ForhisfirstcommercialplantinSheffield,1866,BessemerremeltedcoldpigironimportedfromSwedenastherawmaterialforhishotmetal・Thischarcoalderivedpigironwaslowinphosphorusandsulfur,and(fortuitously)h

7、ighinmanganesewhichactedasadeoxidant.IncontrasttheUSpigironwasproducedusinglowsulfurcharcoalandlowphosphorusdomesticore.Therefore,thankstotheengineeringgeniusofAlexanderHolley,twoBessemerplantswereinoperationby1866・However,thedailyoutputofremotelylocat

8、edcharcoalblastfurnaceswasverylow.Therefore,hotmetalwasproducedbyremeltingpigironincupolasandgravityfeedingittothe5tonBessemervessels.TherealbreakthroughforBessemeroccurredin1879whenSidneyThomas,ayoungclerkfromaLondonpolicecourt,shocked