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1、活动星系核统一模型和 超大质量黑洞的形成与增长张双南清华大学物理系和天体物理中心科学院高能所粒子天体物理重点实验室EmissionLineSpectrafromSeyfertAGNsBroademissionlinesfromType-ISeyfertAGNNarrowemissionlinesfromType-IISeyfertAGN2Unificationschemefortype-Iandtype-IIAGNs3InvestigationoftheobscuringcircumnucleartorusintheactivegalaxyMrk
2、231:Kloeckneretal.,Nature,2003Theinferredmodelofthenucleartorus.Themolecularmaterialmovesfromtoprighttobottomleft(northwesttosoutheast).Virialestimatesofthecentralmassconcentrationgive(7.2±3.8)x107solarmasses.4SkydeepsurveysofChandraandHSTshowthatthefractionoftypeIIAGNisdecre
3、asingwiththehardX-rayluminosity.Thisindicatesabreakdownofthe‘strong’unificationmodelwherethecoveringfactorH/Riisindependentofluminosityandredshift.ThishasbeentakenastheevidenceofevolutionoftorusgeometryHasingeretal2003SimilarcorrelationhasbeenfoundbySteffenetal.(2003).Sazonov
4、&Revnivtsev(2004),Wang&Zhang(2004)inothersamplesofAGNs5AnisotropyofX-rayemissionfromAGNsInallpreviousstudies,ithasbeenassumedimplicitlythatHowever,iftheX-raysoriginatefromtheaccretiondisksurroundingtheblackhole,theobservedapparentX-rayluminosityisrelatedtoitsintrinsicluminosi
5、tyby:ThenforagivenX-rayluminosity,randomlyorientedAGNswillhaveapparentluminositydistribution:6TheinclinationangleeffectDatafromUedaetal.2003Zhang,2005,ApJ,618,L797Theinclinationangleeffectontype-IIAGNfractionZhang,2005,ApJ,618,L798考虑相对论效应对流强的修正9考虑相对论效应对光度的修正Betteragreementtha
6、nnon-relativisticmodel10考虑相对论效应对光度的修正11考虑相对论效应对能谱的修正a=0.998倾角:54085α:0.890.850.75(0.01)Sy2spectraareharderthanSy1spectraforKerrBHs12AnisotropyofinverseComptonscatteringincoronaMaraschi&Haardt1997θ=0oθ=60oDiskkT=50eVDiskkT=100eVHigherinclinationforSofterspectrum!13A.MaliziaApJ
7、2003589L1714Inclinationangledependenceof 2-10keVspectralindexZdziarskietal.2000AnisotropyofinverseComptonscatteringinsphericalcoronaRelativisticeffects(Diskoriginin2-10keV)AveragedSyIindexSyIIindexMaliziaetal.200315ImplicationsofthisTAXImodelTAXImodel:TorusofAntonucciwithX-ra
8、yInclination-angleeffectsX-raysareproducedprimarilyinaccretiondisk,b
