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1、中学英语语法网络图一.名词L名词的种类:专有名词普通名词国名地名.人名,团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词IL名词的数:1.规则名词的复数形式:名词的复数^式,一般在单数形式后砒M或坯。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:规则例词1一般IW况在词尾加・smap-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days2以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加~esclass-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes3以・fnJc-fe结尾的词变・f和晁为V再加坯leafleaves,th
2、iefthieves,knife-knives,loafloaves,wife-wives加Sbelief^beliefs,chief-chiefs,pr(x)f-proofs,roof-roofs,gulf^gulfe4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i力[Rsparty-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities5以兀音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加・stoy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henty-Henrys6以辅音字母加_o结尾的名词hetxyh
3、eroes,Negro-Negroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes不少外來词加Spianopianos,photo-photos,autoautos,kilo-kilos,solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes,volcano-volcanoes/volcanos7以元音字母力X结尾的名词加・sradio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoozoos8以廿结尾的名词加・struth-truths,moutli-mouths,montli-months,path-paths,2•不规则名词
4、复数:英语里冇些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:规则例词1改变名词屮的元音字母或其他形式man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice2单父数相同sheep,deei;series,means,works,fish,speciesli,yuanJin,3只有复数M式ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses,contents4一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police,cattle,staff5部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)
5、也可以作复数(成员)audienee,class,fomily,crowd,couple,group,committee,goveminen匸population,crew,team,public,enemy,party6數含义customs(海关),fbrees(军队),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件报纸),manners(礼貌),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜),ruins(废墟)7表示“某国人”加sAmericans,Australians,Gen
6、nans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans单复数同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-menrwomenEnglishmen,Frenchwomen8合成名词将主的司妙复数sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends无主体名词时将最后分变为父数grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches将两部分变为复数womensingers,menservantsDL名词的所有格:名词在句屮表不所有关系
7、的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加'S构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西,后考多表示无生命的东西。1/S所有格的构成:单数名词在末尾加'stheboy'sfather,Jack^sbook,tiersorbin-law'sphoto,复数名词•"«在末尾加theteachers'room,dietwins5mother,不规则复数名词后加'sthechildren^toys,womenrights,以S结尾的人名所有格加'S或者,Dickens'novels,Charles'sjob,tlieSmiths'house表
8、示各白的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加'