张韧教授讲座课件 lang and mind intro.ppt

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1、InvestigatingLanguageasaCognitivePhenomenonZhangRenSchoolofForeignStudies/InstituteofLinguistics,NanjingUniversityLinguistics:scientificstudyoflanguage.1.Whatislanguageafterall?Immediatereactiontothequestion?(A)Usualanswers(commonsensenotions)(a)“语言是进行思维和传递信息的工具。是人类保

2、存认识成果的载体。”Q->propertiesoflanguagederivablefromthought?--Togivethebarestofdefinition,languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Itisinstrumentalinthatcommunicatingbyspeakingorwritingisapurposefulact.(HuZhuanglinetal’scoursebook)Cf.语言学帮助提高交际能力，外语水平=>Q:differencesbetweencars,

3、guns,pensandlanguageastools?=>Q:whereisthetoolsothatwego&getit?(b)Languageasaformofexpression?E.g.thelanguageofthebody/thehand,thelanguageofmusic/dance,thelanguageofbees=>anyexpressivethingCf.注意你的语言，说话讲究--Hencetoovagueasobjectofscientificinquiry.(c)Languageasasystemof

4、communication?=>Undesirablepropertiesforagoodcommunicationcode:muchambiguityandredundancy,etc.(MorrisHalle)Somecomments(1)Commontrait:languagereifiedasphysicalentityusedforaconventionalpurpose.(cf.distinction:naturalobjectvs.artifact)(2)Variousconsequenceshowweviewla

5、nguageandlanguage-relatedissues,incl.languageeducation.howwestudylanguage:socio-culturalvs.naturalistic(seekingforunderlyinglaws)howweviewthenatureoflinguistics,wheredoweputitinthecurriculum,asscienceorasarts?Cf.Effectsofacademicposters?(B)Anothertack:lookingatobvio

6、uspropertiesoflanguagebehavior(1)Peopleofdifferentculturessaythingsdifferently->problemofunderstanding.Lookatthefollowingstrings:kurdukamina=>Q:Whatdotheymean?Whydon’tyouknow?“Idon’tknowthelanguage”Warlpiri:spokeninAustraliaImplicationsPeoplespeakdifferentlanguages,he

7、ncewithdifferentknowledge.GrowingupinBrain/mindworksdifferentenvironments.differently.Q:eactimportof‘knowingalanguage’?(2)Creativity/productivityPeopleproduce/understandaninfinitenumberofutteranceseffortlessly.e.g.anovelsentence:InJanuary2002,adullstarinanobscureconst

8、ellationsuddenlybecame600,000timesmoreluminousthanourSun,temporarilymakingitthebrighteststarinourgalaxy.--abletogenerateanin