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1、DirectandIndirectSpeech直接引语和间接引语1直接引语、间接引语的概念直接引述别人的原话叫直接引语;用说话人自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语。不论直接引语还是间接引语都应有一个动词引述,如:say,tell,ask,think,write,reply等。直接引语一般放在引号中,句首的第一个字母大写。间接引语不用引号,间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。2直接引语变间接引语一、直接引语为陈述句直接引语为陈述句时,变间接引语时用that引导,that可以省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,也可用told来代替。注意:可以说sai
2、dthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that,不可说toldthat,saidsb.that3Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”HesaidthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.HetoldusthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.4二、直接引语为一般疑问句直接引语为一般疑问句的,间接引语要用if或whether引导,直接引语中的谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等),同时将
3、疑问语序变为陈述语序。Shesaid:“Doyoulikemusic?”SheaskedmeifwhetherIlikedmusic.5三、直接引语为特殊疑问句直接引语为特殊疑问句的,变间接引语时,要保留原疑问词,主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达,同时将疑问语序改为陈述句语序。Heaskedme:“Whenwillyouleaveforshanghai?”HeaskedmewhenIwouldleaveforshanghai.6四、直接引语为选择疑问句时当直接引语为选择疑问句时,变为间接引语用whether…or…表达,而不用if…or…,也不
4、用either…or…Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.7五、直接引语是祈使句时直接引语是祈使句,变间接引语时用tell/asksb.(not)todo的形式。Theteachersaid,“Boysandgirls,sitdown,please.”Theteachertoldtheboysandgirlstositdown.Lilysaid:“Openthewindow,Bob.”LilyaskedBobtoopenthewindow.8
5、直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化:人称的变化时态的变化指示代词的变化时间的变化地点的变化个别趋向动词的变化情态动词的变化9一、人称的变化人称代词和物主代词要根据转述人的立场作相应的变动。Shesaid:“I’mcoming.”Shesaidthatshewascoming.但直接引语中第三人称不变。“Whenwillhecome?”sheasked.Sheaskedwhenhewouldcome.10二、时态的变化直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去将来时不变过去进
6、行时不变过去完成时不变11Hesaid:“Ihaveeatenmylunchnow.”Hesaidthathehadeatenhislunchthen.Tomsaid,“Iarrivedherethreedaysago.”Tomsaidhehadarrivedtherethreedaysbefore.12谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点:1.直接引语表述的是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变Thegeographyteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.”Thegeographyteacherto
7、ldusthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.13Shesaysthatshe’llneverforgetthedaysinthecountry.2.如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效,变间接引语时,时态可不变Thechildrensaid,“Welovethisgame.”Theytoldusthattheylovethatgame.3.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态,在引述时,时态不变。Shesays,“I’llneverforgetthedaysinthecountry.”144.当直接引语部
8、分带有具体的过去时间状语时,或者有以when,while引导的从句,表示过去的时间时,变为间接