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1、Lecture1太阳系的演化太阳系一些基本观测事实太阳系的动力学过程太阳系形成模型进一步的检验和太阳系探测计划太阳系天体行星Planets:thebigbodiesorbitingtheSun矮行星dwarfplanets:canhavetheirownmoonsbutnotmassiveenoughtoscatterotherobjects卫星Satellitesa.k.a.moons:variouslysizedobjectsorbitingtheplanets小行星Asteroids：smalldenseobjectsorbitin
2、gtheSun,10,000inthemainasteroidbeltbetweentheorbitsofMarsandJupiter,and35,000KuiperBelt(30-100AU)objectsgreaterthan100kmindiameter彗星Comets：smallicyobjectswithhighlyeccentricorbits8planets:Mercury,Venus,earth,Mars,Jupiter,SaturnUranus,Neptune5knowndwarfplanets:Ceres(mainas
3、teroidbelt),Pluto,Eris,Makemake,Haumea(Kuiperbelt),butdozenstohundredtobediscovered146moons+21waitingforconfirmation,none/fewaroundrockyplanets,50moonsaroundJupiterthesystemsofmoonscanbedividedintoregularobjects(spherical)withdirectorbitsversusirregularobjectswitheccentri
4、corbitsCompositionofSolarSysteminmassSun:99.85%Planets:0.135%Comets:0.01%?Satellites:0.00005%?MinorPlanets:0.0000002%?Meteoroids:0.0000001%?InterplanetaryMedium:0.0000001%?InnersolarsystemOrbitofPlanets,linesComets:whitearrowsAsteroids:yellowdotsrevolveinthesamedirectiona
5、sSun,separateorderly,InnerplanetslieonathinplaneAsteroidshavelargerorbitinclinationstoeclipseoutersolarsystemNeptune之外很多小天体--Kuiper-BeltPluto和其他一些天体轨道穿越Neptune轨道.这些天体形成一族2:3plutinos短周期彗星外缘与Kuiper-Belt相接Pluto轨道平面相对黄道倾斜17度;彗星更大.但行星基本上在一平面distantsolarsystemCometsarenotconfin
6、edtotheEclipticplane,whileasteroidsalmostdoEccentricityandinclinationoforbitComets:classification(accordingtoorbitsize)Comets(>1500withwellknownorbits)LongPeriod(LP)ShortPeriod(SP)NewReturningJupiterfamilyHalleytypeT>200yT<200yT<20yT>20ya>10000AUa<10000AUPlanetdistanceecc
7、entricityOrbitInclinationtoEclipticEquatorialInclinationToOrbitMercury0.390.20567.07.0Venus0.720.00683.4177.4Earth1.000.0167023.5Mars1.520.09341.924.0Ceres2.770.07910.6Jupiter5.200.04831.33.1Saturn9.540.05602.526.7Uranus19.190.04610.897.9Neptune30.060.00971.829Pluto39.350
8、.248217122.5MainAsteroidbelt2-3.5AUKuiperbelt30-50AUOortcloud3000-100,000AU自转方向多数和轨道一致;类木行星自转快太阳
