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1、UsefulnessofthemodelMercantilist’sviewsAbsoluteadvantageComparativeadvantageThestandardtheoryofinternationaltradeDemandandsupplyoffercurvesHowever,Ourtrademodelmustbeextendedintwoimportantdirections:1)toidentifythebasisforcomparativeadvantage2)toexaminet
2、heeffectofinternationaltradeonthereturns,orearnings,ofresourcesorfactorsofproductioninthetwotradingnationsChapter5FactorendowmentsandtheHeckscher-OhlintheoryFirst,weexplainthebasisofcomparativeadvantage.Second,weanalyzetheeffectthatinternationaltradehaso
3、ntheearningsoffactorsofproductioninthetwotradingnations.TheassumptionofH-OtheoryTastesDistributionofownershipoffactorsofproductionDemandforfinalcommoditiesDerivesdemandforfactorsSupplyoffactorsCommodityprice=costEqualtechnologyFactorpriceperfectcompetiti
4、onTC=K·r+L·WTechnology商品使用的生产要素的数量ThebasisofcomparativeadvantageTechnology----FactorintensityWesaythatcommodityYiscapitalintensive,ifthecapital-laborratio(K/L)usedintheproductionofYisgreaterthanK/LusedintheproductionofX.ThebasisofcomparativeadvantageFore
5、xample:If:f(2K,2L)=1Y,f(1K,4L)=1XThen:K/LY=2/2=1,K/LX=1/4=0.25Since:K/LY>K/LXThenwesay:YisKintensive,andXisLintensive.ThebasisofcomparativeadvantageExercise1If:f(2K,2L)=1Y,f(3K,12L)=1XThenwesay:Yis?Intensive,andXis?intensive.Thebasisofcomparativeadvantag
6、eExercise2:24L16KXYTable5-165L210KXYTable5-246L810KXYTable5-3ThebasisofcomparativeadvantageNotethat:Isnottheabsoluteamount,butthecomparativeamount(capitalperunitoflabor,K/L)Wecanusefigurestoexpressthefactorintensity.ThebasisofcomparativeadvantageFigureso
7、fFactorintensityIf:f(2K,2L)=1Y,f(1K,4L)=1XK/LinY=1K/LinX=0.25.1Y.1XLK0246810121246Nation101246LK246810Nation2K/LinY=?.1YK/LinX=?.1XYiskintensive,XisLintensiveK/Ly=4,K/Lx=1,thenYisalsoKintensive,XisLintensiveThebasisofcomparativeadvantageExercise3If:f(6K,
8、4L)=1X,f(1K,2L)=1Y,f(3K,12L)=1ZThen,drawthefigurestoexpressthem?ThebasisofcomparativeadvantageSupplyoffactors----FactorabundanceFirst,intermsofphysicalunitsifTK/TLnation2>TK/TLnation1,thenwesay:Nation2isKabundance.Second,i
