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ID:49219939
大小:552.50 KB
页数:59页
时间:2020-02-02
《指非外伤性脑实质内出血.ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、(CerebralHemorrhage)定义:指非外伤性脑实质内出血脑出血DepartmentofNeurology,The2ndaffiliatedhospital,KunmingMedicalcollegeConceptionItmeansprimaryandnontraumaticintracerebralhemorrhage.Countfor20%~30%instrokeHypertensionisthemostcommonunderlyingcauseofnontraumaticintracerebralhemorrha
2、ge.EtiologyHalfofthepatientssufferfromhypertensioncombinedwitharteriolaratherosclerosis,itisthemostcommoncauseofthedisease.Others:cerebralatherosclerosis,hematopathy,cerebralamyloidangiopathyCAA,aneurysm,AVMPathophysiology高血压——小动脉:纤维素样坏死fibrinoidnecrosis、脂质透明变性hyaline
3、fattychange、microaneurysm小动脉瘤、微夹层动脉瘤——渗出exudation、破裂rupture高血压——远端血管痉挛vasospasm——缺氧anoxia、坏死angio-necrosis、血栓形成thrombosis——斑点状出血、脑水肿brainedema——融合成片(子痫)Pathophysiology脑内动脉:壁薄、中层肌细胞及外膜结缔组织少、缺乏外弹力层——随年龄增长弯曲呈螺旋状——出血主要部位:深穿支penetratingarteries豆纹动脉lenticulostriateartery:大脑
4、中动脉呈直角分出,易发生粟粒状动脉瘤,为脑出血最好发部位,其外侧支称为出血动脉bleedingarteryPathophysiology一次出血常在30min内停止头CT动态观察:20%-40%患者24小时内血肿仍继续扩大,为活动性出血activehemorrhage或早期再出血earlyrebleeding多发性脑出血常继发于:hematopathy,cerebralamyloidangiopathy,neoplasm,vasculitisPathologyHypertensiveICH:基底节的内囊区intercapsule、
5、壳核putamen占70%,脑叶lobe、脑干brainstem、小脑齿状核区各占10%LocationofICH:壳核(内囊、侧脑室),丘脑thalamus(第三脑室、内囊、侧脑室),脑桥pons、小脑cerebellum、蛛网膜下腔subarachnoidspace、第四脑室forthventriclePathologyHypertensiveICH:cerebralpenetratingarterymiliaryaneurysmNonHypertensiveICH:occurinsubcorticalwhitematterw
6、ithoutarteriosclerosisPathologySwellingandcongestionofhemisphere出血灶:充满血液的空腔,周围是坏死脑组织及淤点状出血性软化带、脑水肿血块溶解——吞噬细胞清除含铁血黄素和坏死脑组织——胶质增生(胶质瘢痕或中风囊)Clinicalfeaturesage:50~70yearsoldsex:moremalepatientsseason:winterorspringpasthistory:hypertensioninducement:activity、excitementons
7、et:acuteonset临床表现一般症状:中年以上发病。起病突然,动态起病,病势凶险。高颅压征intracranialhypertensionsign头痛,呕吐,血压升高,脉搏减慢,视乳头水肿,意识障碍易形成脑疝cerebralherniation神经系统定位体征:取决于血肿的部位、体积局灶性神经功能缺损基底节区:内囊“三偏征”偏瘫hemiplegia偏盲hemiscotosis偏身感觉障碍hemihypesthesia脑叶额叶颞叶顶叶枕叶各具不同缺损脑干交叉性瘫痪hemiplegiaalternate小脑眩晕vertigo共济
8、失调ataxia基底节区的血液供应豆纹动脉的破裂成因ClinicalfeaturesbasalganglionhemorrhageThetwomostcommonsitesofhypertensivehemorrhagearetheputamen
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