3-Francis Bacon.ppt

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1、FrancisBacon1561-1626Bacon’sReputationBacon’schiefcontributiontoposterityliesinhisroleasthefounderofmaterialisminphilosophyandscienceinEngland.AccordingtoMarx,“TherealprogenitorofEnglishmaterialismisBacon.Tohimnaturalphilosophyisthetruephilosophy,andphysicsbaseduponthee

2、xperiencesofthesensesisthecorepartofnaturalphilosophy.Bacon’sLifeBacon’sWife:AliceBarnhamBacontheyoungersonofSirNicholasBacon.borninLondonsenttoCambridgeUniversityat12wherehewasbroughtuptotheaversionofmedievalscholasticism.leftCambridgeandwentabroad,andwasattachedtotheE

3、nglishambassadorinFranceforsometwoyears.HeenteredGray’sInntostudylaw.In1584heenteredtheHouseofCommonsasanM.P.,butinparliamenthewasmoreonthesideofthebourgeoisieandwasstronglyopposedtocertainnewtaxesforraisingadditionalrevenueforthecrown.ThisobviouslyoffendedQueenElizabet

4、handmadeitdifficultforhimtosecuregoodgovernmentpostsduringherreign.InthemeantimeBaconwrotepapersonpublicaffairsandaddressedsomeofhiswritingstothequeenurginghertosubsidizeambitiousprojectforscientificresearch.HewasacquaintedwiththeEarlofEssexwhotriedtohelphiminhispolitic

5、alcareerandwhogavehimlargesumsofmoneytoenablehimtoassemblenewsfromforeignagentsontheEuropeanContinentandtogiveadviceongovernmentpolicy.Bacon’sWorksEssays(1597)TheElementsoftheCommonLawofEngland(1597)ADeclarationofthePractises&TreasonsAttemptedandCommittedbyRobert,lateEa

6、rlofEssexandhisComplices(1601)FrancisBaconHisApology,inCertainImputationsConcerningthelateEarlofEssex(1604)CertainConsiderationsTouchingtheBetterPacificationandEdificationoftheChurchofEngland(1604)ValeriusTerminusoftheInterpretationofNature(1604)TheProficiencyandAdvance

7、mentofLearning(1605)Desapientiaveterumliber(1609)TheChargeofSirFrancisBacon,Knight,theKing'sAttorney-General,TouchingDuels(1614)TheWisdomoftheAncients(1619)NovumOrganum(1620)TheHistoryoftheReignofKingHenrytheSeventh(1622)Apophthegms,NewandOld(1625)TheTranslationofCertai

8、nPsalms(1625)TheNewAtlantis(1626)SylvaSylvarum(1627)Scriptainnaturalietuniversliphilisophia(pub.1653)Baconiana