1、13. OXIDATION AND REDUCTION IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 有机化学中的氧化还原反应 【课文翻译】 The conversion of alcohols into carbonyl compounds is an important reaction of primary and secondary alcohols, and is one of many examples in organic chemistry of oxidation. conversion [kən'və:ʃn] 变换、转化 carbony
2、l ['kɑ:bənil] 碳酰基、羰基 primary ['praiməri] alcohol伯醇 secondary alcohol、仲醇 organic [ɔ:ˈgænik] 有机（体）的、有组织的 oxidation [ˌɔksi'deiʃn] 氧化 （乙）醇转换成羰基化合物是伯醇和仲醇的一类重要反应，也是有机化学中大量氧化反应的一个例子。 How do we know when an organic compound has been oxidized? oxidized [' ɔ ksidaiz] 氧化、变成氧化的 我们如何知道有机化合物什
3、么时候被氧化？ In the last section, we recognized that conversion of an alcohol to a ketone is an oxidation because it is brought about by the reduction of Cr(VI). recognize [ˈrekəɡnaiz] 认出、识别、承认 conversion [kən'və:ʃn] 变换、转化 ketone ['ki:təun] 酮 reduction [ri'dʌkʃn] 还原 在最后一部分，我们承认醇转变成酮是
4、一个氧化反应，因为它是因Cr(VI)的还原而产生的。 But there are other oxidations in which the oxidizing agent is less obvious. agent [ˈeidʒənt] 药剂 obvious [ˈɔbviəs] 明显的、显著的 但是，另外一部分氧化反应中，氧化剂不是明显能够看出来的。 Our goal in this section is to be able to recognize an oxidation or reduction merely by examining the
5、 transformation of the organic compound itself. examining [iɡˈzæminiŋ] 仔细检查 transformation [ˌtrænsfəˈmeiʃən] 变化、转换 在此部分，我们的目标就是仅仅通过有机化合物本身的变化来辨别氧化反应或还原反应。 The procedure for doing this involves three steps: procedure [prəˈsi:dʒə] 程序、手续、工序、过程、步骤 该过程包括三个步骤。 Step 1. Assign an ox
6、idation level to each carbon atom in reactant and product. 第一步：确定反应物和产物中每一个碳原子的氧化水平。 assign [əˈsain]…to… 把…指认为…… reactant [riˈæktənt] 反应物 (It is only necessary to assign an oxidation level to carbons that undergo some chemical change during the transformation; other carbons maybe
7、ignored.) necessary [ˈnesisəri] 必要的、强制的、必然的 ignore [iɡˈnɔ:] 忽视、不顾 （只对在转换过程中，进行化学变化的碳原子有必要确定氧化级数，其它碳原子可以忽略。） The oxidation level of a particular carbon is assigned by considering the relative electronegativities of the groups bound to the carbon, as follows: considering [kənˈsidər
