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1、SectionAGrammarFocus-4cUnit1Howcanwebecomegoodlearners?九年级(全)FreetalkWhatistherelationshipbetweenbodypartsandlanguagelearning?listenlisteningearsaytalkspeakreadaskanswerrepeatmouthvocabularyspeakingpronunciationlookseewatchcheckreadingeyevocabularytranslatematchwritecopynumbergrammarw
2、ritinghandHowdoyoulearnEnglish?Ilearnbystudyingwithagroup.DoyoulearnEnglishbyreadingaloud?Yes,Ido.Ithelpsmypronunciation.HowcanIreadfaster?Youcanreadfasterbyreadingwordgroups.HowcanIimprovemypronunciation?Onewayisbylisteningtotapes.GrammarFocusBy+V-ingformVerb+bywithgerund定义:它是一种兼有动词和
3、名词特征的非谓语动词形式。基本形式:V-ing作用:动名词具有名词的性质，在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。动名词基本用法1.用作主语所表动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作。e.g.Playingwithfireisdangerous.注意：动名词做主语，有时先用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。Itisnouse/good/useless+doing…Itisawasteoftime+doing…Itisfun+doing…在以上结构中常用动名词作主语。e.g.It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.(覆水难收）I
4、tisfunplayingwithchildren.和孩子们一起玩真好。2.用作宾语1)作动词的宾语常见的此类动词有：practise,enjoy,finish,giveup,cannothelp,keep,keepon,mind,miss,putoff,dependon,thinkabout,succeedin,worryabout,beusedto,getusedto,lookforwardto,payattentionto,等。e.g.Howdoyoupracticespeaking?2)作介词的宾语1.IlearnEnglishbydoinggrammar
5、exercises.2.Shallwehavearestorgetdowntodoingourwork?3.Hewaslateagainbecauseofgettinguplate.4.Lockthedoorsandwindowsbeforegoingout.5.What/Howaboutthetwoofusplayinggames？remember,forget,regret,mean,try等，但表达的意义不同。e.g.Irememberseeingheratthehotel.我记得在宾馆见过她。(动作发生了)Iwillremembertoseeheratth
6、ehotel.我记得要去宾馆见她。(动作尚未发生)既可接动名词又可接不定式的常用动词有：1.remember/forget/regrettodo动作尚未发生doing动作已经发生2.trytodo设法、努力去做，尽力doing试试去做（看有何结果）3.meantodo打算做（主语一般是人）doing意味着（主语一般是物）4.regrettodo对将要做的事抱歉doing对已经发生的事感到后悔5.stoptodo停下去做另外一件事doing停止做手头的事情３.作表语动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等
7、的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。e.g.Yourtaskiscleaningthewindows.你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaningthewindowsisyourtask.) WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。(BeinglaughedatiswhatIhatemost.)动名词有时态和语态的变化。动名词的时态和语态的基本形式:时态语态一般时完成时主动语态writinghavingwritten被动语态beingwrittenhavingbeenwritten注意：动名词的否定形式是：notw
8、ritin
