annealing.ppt

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1、Nitrogen/HydrogenAtmospheresForAnnealingofSteelProducts.钢产品在氮氢气氛中的退火abcThomasPhilipsPrincipalMetallurgicalEngineerAirProductsandChemicals,Inc..AnnealingDefinitions退火的定义Heatingtoanelevatedtemperaturefollowedbycontrolled,slowcoolingtodevelopadesiredsetof

2、mechanicalpropertiesormetallographicstructure.加热到指定温度，然后慢慢冷却以获得所要求的机械特性或金属结构。Usuallydonetosoftenmetalforfurtherprocessing.通常用于软化金属以准备进一步处理Anyheattreatmentprocessthatresultsinanonmartensiticmicrostructurewithlowhardnessandhighductility任何能形成低硬度高延展性非马氏体微观结

3、构的热处理流程都可以称为退火WhyAnneal为什么要退火??Relievecooling&coldworkingstresses消除冷却产生的应力Improveductility,machinability&formability改善延展性、机械加工性能和可塑性Facilitatecoldworking便于冷加工Produceadefinitemicrostructure形成一定的微观结构Homogenizealloyingelementsandmicrostructure均衡合金成分和微观结构In

4、ducesoftness软化作用Producedesiredgrainsizeandorientations形成要求的晶体导向和大小Changemechanical.Electricalandmagneticproperties改变机械电气和磁性特性AnnealingVariationsonthethemeBlack/Blueannealing黑/蓝退火Brightannealing光亮退火Processannealing工艺退火Recrystalizationannealing再结晶退火Subcri

5、tcalannealing低温亚相变退火Fullannealing完全退火Isothermalannealing等温退火CriticalRangeannealing临界退火SpheroidizeAnnealing球化退火PrimaryAtmosphereFunctions气氛的基本作用ProtectAgainstOxidation防止氧化AidinReductionRemoveLubricantVapors去除润滑剂蒸汽MaintainCarbonControl-Decarburization脱碳-

6、Carburization渗碳HeatTransferRate热传导率TypicalCompositionofHeatTreatAtmospheresCommonAnnealingAtmospheresMaterialConventionalAtmospheresSyntheticAtmospheresCarbonSteelsDryExothermicExo/EndoBlendN2+5%H2N2+1-3%C3H8N2+1-3%C3H6100%H2Laminationsteel(lowandultral

7、owcarbonsteel)Exothermic+3%H2ON2+10%H2+4%H2OStainlessSteelsDissociatedAmmonia100%H2CopperAlloysLeanExothermicN2+1-3%H2ExothermicGeneratorPartialcombustionofairandahydrocarbon(CH4)ClassifiedasRichorLeanOutputNitrogen(67-87%)Hydrogen(1-13%)CarbonMonoxide(

8、1.5-10%)CarbonDioxide(5-11%)Water(2-3%)ExothermicGasGeneratorCombustionChamberBurnerMixturePumpAirFuelTrapDrainDrainPreparedExothermicAtmosphereCoolingWaterGasCoolerRefrigerantDryerFlowmetersDesiccantDryerExothermicGeneratorBel