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1、Module2IdeasandviewpointsUnit4Problemsandadvice句子成分定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语。Grammar一、主语主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于______。1.Lucylikeshernewbike.2.Weworkhard.3.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.4.Playingfootba
2、llafterschoolisgreatfun.句首1.WeloveChina.2.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.3.HecanspeakEnglish.4.Sheseemstired.二、谓语谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由______充当。动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词。动词△情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。TheycanspeakEnglishwell.Theyareplayingoverthere.1)状
3、态系动词,用来表示主语状态,只有be一词Heisateacher.2)持续系动词,用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep,remain,stayHealwayskeptsilentatmeeting.他开会时总保持沉默。系动词3)表像系动词,用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem,appear,look,例如:Helookstired.Heseems(tobe)verysad.4)感官系动词,主要有feel,smell,sound,tasteThisflowersmellsver
4、ysweet.5)变化系动词,表示主语变成什么样,主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,comeHebecamemadafterthat.6)终止系动词,表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove,turnoutTherumorprovedfalse.这谣言证实有假。Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.他的计划终于成功了。三、宾语宾语:动作行为的对象,说明主语做什么。一般放在_________或_______后面。1.WestudyEnglish.2.Ourteac
5、hersaidthathewouldgothere.3.Heislookingatthedog.△双宾语:指人的是间接宾语,指物的是直接宾语。Hegavemetwobooks.及物动词介词表语:跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态。Thetreesturngreen.Theflowerisbeautiful.四、表语定语:用来修饰_____。Thisisaredcar.Thebuildingistheirteachingbuilding.Thewomandoctorismyw
6、ife.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.ThemaninfrontofthegateisMr.Li.EverystudenthasanEnglishbook.五、定语名词状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。六、状语Johnoftencametochatwithme.()Ashewasill,hedidn’tcometoclassyesterday.()Sheissittingatthedesk,doingherhomewor
7、k.()Myfatherworkedinthisschooltenyearsago.()Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.()Hecamerunning.()程度,目的地点,伴随地点,时间让步方式原因补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。七、补语EveryonecallshimJack.(宾补)HeiscalledJack.(主补)同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组,对前者进行补充说明TheGreatWall,oneofthewondersintheworld,
8、attractsalargenumberofforeignfriends.八、同位语一、主语主语可以用下面这些东西表示:1.Thesunrisesintheeast.()2.Helikesdancing.()3.Twowillbeenough.()4.Seeingisbelieving.()6.Toseeistobelieve.()7.Whentoholdthemeetinghasnotbeendecidedyet.()8.Whatheneedsisabook.()9