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1、扬州市2013-2014学年度高三期末质量检测英语试卷第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAtthemoment,therearetworeliablewaystomakeelectricityfromsunlight.Youcanuseapanelofsolarcellstocreatethecurrentdirectly,byliberatingelectronsfromasemiconducti
2、ngmaterialsuchassilicon.Oryoucanconcentratethesun’sraysusingmirrors,boilwaterwiththem,andemploythesteamtodriveagenerator.Bothwork.Butbothareexpensive.GangChenoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandZhifengRenofBostonCollegethereforeproposeanalternative.Theysugge
3、stthataphenomenoncalledthethermoelectric（热电）effectmightbeusedinstead—andtheyhavebuiltaprototype（原型）toshowthattheideaispractical.Thermoelectricdevicesarenotnew.Theyareused,forexample,tocapturewasteheatfromcarengines.Theyworkbecausecertainmaterialsgenerateanelectric
4、alpotentialdifferencewithinthemselvesifonepartishotterthananother.Thatcanbeusedtodriveacurrentthroughanexternalcircuit.Thereasonthermoelectricmaterialshavenot,inthepast,beenappliedsuccessfullytothequestionofsolarpoweristhattogetaworthwhilecurrentyouhavetohaveasign
5、ificanttemperaturedifference.(200℃isconsideredagoodstartingpoint.)Inacarengine,thatiseasy.Forsunlight,however,itmeansconcentratingtheheatinsomeway.Andifyouaregoingtothetroubleofbuildingmirrorstodothat,youmightaswellgodownthesteam-generationroute,whichisamuchmoreef
6、ficientwayofproducingelectricity.Iftheheatconcentrationcouldbedonewithoutalltheequipmentofmirrors,though,thermoelectricity’sinefficiencywouldbebalancedbythecheapnessoftheequipment.Intheirview,threethingsareneededtocreateaworkablesolar-thermoelectricdevice.Thefirst
7、istomakesurethatmostofthesunlightwhichfallsonitisabsorbed,ratherthanbeingreflected.Thesecondistochooseathermoelectricmaterialwhichconductsheatbadlybutelectricitywell.Thethirdistobecertainthatthetemperaturegradient（梯度）whichthatbadlyconductingmaterialcreatesisnotwas
8、tedbypoordesign.56.ThefollowingmethodscanbeadoptedtomakeelectricityfromsunlightEXCEPT.A.puttingapanelofsolarcellsintouseB.concentratingsun’srayswithmirr
