语言心理学名词解释附答案.doc

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1、1.MutualexclusivitybiasItisacognitiveconstraintwhichreferstothefactthatachildwhoknowsthenameofaparticularobjectwillthengenerallyrejectapplyingasecondnametothatobject.2.MothereseAdult-to-childlanguage,whichhasbeencalledmotherese,differinanumberofwaysfromadult-to-adultlanguage.Ingen

2、eral,speechtochildrenlearninglanguageisshorter,moreconcrete,moredirective,andmoreintonationallyexaggeratedthanadult-directedspeech.3.CriticalperiodhypothesisTheviewthatthereisaperiodearlyinlifeinwhichweareespeciallypreparedtoacquirealanguageisreferredtoasthecriticalperiodhypothesi

3、s.Manyinvestigatorswhofavorthecriticalperiodhypothesissuggestthatthereareneurologicalchangesinthebrainthatleavealearnerlessabletoacquirealanguage,althoughthenatureofthesesupposedchangesisnotwellunderstood.Mostcommonly,thesechangesareassumedtooccurnearpuberty.4.Languagebioprogramhy

4、pothesisOnversionofhowinnateprocessesoperateinchildlanguagehasbeencalledtheLanguagebioprogramhypothesisbyBickerton.Bickerton’sclaim,inbrief,isthatwe,aschildren,haveaninnategrammarthatisavailablebiologicalifourlanguageinputisinsufficienttoacquirethelanguageofourcommunity.Itissometh

5、inglikealinguisticbackupsystem.5.PidginApidginis“anauxiliarylanguagethatariseswhenspeakersofseveralmutuallyunintelligiblelanguagesareinclosecontact”.Typicallythisoccurswhenworkersfromdiversecountriesarebroughtinascheaplaborinanagriculturalcommunity.Immigrantworkerscometospeakasimp

6、lerformofthedominantlanguageofthearea—justenoughtogetby.6.LanguagetransferInsecond-languageacquisition,theprocessinwhichthefirstlanguageinfluencestheacquisitionofasubsequentlanguage.7.OverregularizationAnoverregularizationisthechild’suseofaregularmorphemeinawordthatisirregular,suc

7、hasthepast-tensemorphemeinbreakedandgoed.Therearetwotheoriesabouthowchildrenacquireoverregularizations:therule-and-memorymodelandtheparalleldistributedprocessingmodel.8.HolophraseAholophrasehasbeendefinedasasingle-wordutterancethatisusedbyachildtoexpressmorethanthemeaningusuallyat

8、tributedtothatsinglewordbyadults.