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1、语法专题七：虚拟语气1.规则虚拟：即含if从句的复合句，表示与事实相反。具体时态搭配为：时间if从句主句对将来did(were)/wereto+do/should+dowould/could/might/should+do对现在did(were)同上对过去haddonewould/could/might/should+havedone注意：1)交叉时间虚拟：即主、从句不在同一时间，注意各自的时态。2)虚拟与非虚拟：即一句与事实相反，用虚拟；另一句与事实一致，用实际时态。3)虚拟中的倒装：如if从句中含should,had,were等，可将其置于句首，且省略if。4)介短、副词代替if从
2、句：如without,butfor,intheabsenceof(如果没有),or,otherwise2.表示建议、要求、劝告、命令类词+名从中的虚拟，从句动词:(should)do适用词群：advise,ask,demand,desire,direct(指导，要求),insist,order,propose,recommend,request,require,suggest,urge等及其它们的名词、形容词、过去分词等，后跟名从。注意：当insist为“坚持已发生或存在的事实”，suggest为“暗示、表明”时，要用陈述语气，即实际时态。3.wish等词+从句：从句时态向后退一格：即
3、表示现在、将来用did/were/was;表示过去用haddone。适用词群：wish,asif/though,Ifonly(要……就好了),wouldrather,Itis(about/high)time等。4.情态动词+havedone表虚拟：should/oughttohavedone本应该做（实际没做，含“责备”之意）could/mighthavedone本可以做（实际未做）needn’thavedone本没必要做(实际做了)wouldlike/lovetohavedonewouldratherhavedone本来想要做某事(但未做)hadbetterhavedone5.句型：
4、1)Ifitwerenotfor…,Iwould/should/might/could+do“要不是……，我现在就……。”（对现在的虚拟）Ifithadnotbeenfor…,Iwould/should/might/could+havedone.“要不是……，我当时就……。”（对过去的虚拟）2)Itisimportant/necessary/natural/strange…+从句Itisashame/pity/nowonder…+从句.以上从句谓语动词皆为：(should)do3)hadhoped/expected/intended/planned/…+todo本希望/打算做……(但未
5、做成)巩固练习：1.---Ifhe______,he______thatfood.---Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken2.______computernotbeusedtomorrow,itwouldtakeusalongtimetodothejob.A.ShouldB.WereC.HadD.May3.T
6、helawrequiresthateveryone______hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.A.hasB.haveC.willhaveD.shallhave4.Theirwordssuggestedthey______tired,andIsuggestwe______thefurthertraining.A.are;putoffB.were;putoffC.had;putoffD.were;shallputoff5.He______youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.Heactedasifhe______theboss.
7、A.shouldhavegiven;wereB.mighthavegiven;hadbeenC.mayhavegiven;hadbeenD.maygive;was6.Hisproposalisthatthemachine______atonce.A.isstoppedB.wouldbestoppedC.bestoppedD.isbeingstopped7.---Where______?---Igotstuckintheheavytraffic,
