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1、定语从句(一)什么是定语从句:定语从句是指修饰,限制,描绘或说明前面的名词或代词的从句。受定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。它们不仅引导定语从句,同时还在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系代词:that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose),as.关系副词:where,when,why,that限制性定语从句:简单的说就是和主句的关系十分密切的句子,写时不可用逗号分开,如:Shehasfoundherbike(that)shelosttwoweeksago.非限制性定语从句:简单的说就是和主句的关
2、系不十分密切的句子,写时往往用逗号隔开,如:Lily,whoisverybeautiful,ismytablemate.关系代词的选择:关系代词有如上所给,他们的具体用法如下:主语宾语定语指人Who/thatWho(m)/thatwhose指物Which/thatWhich/thatwhose、关系代词做宾语可以省略,做主语时不能省略。如:themanwho/thatwasstandingtherejustnowismyteacher(刚才站在哪儿的人是我们的老师)注意:who/that指代theman,在定语从句中做主语,不能省略。相反,关系代词在定语从句中做宾
3、语可以省略,如:Haveyouseenanyfilmwhich/thatisactedbyLiuDehua?(你看过刘德华演的电影)当先行词指人时只用who而不用that引导定语从句的现象有:1)先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时Thosewhohaveanydifficultywithpronunciationshouldpracticemore.2)先行词为人称代词时HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.当先行词指人时只用that而不用who引导定语从句的现象有:1)当主句已经有who时Whoi
4、sthegirlthatisstandingthere?2)关系代词在定语从句中做表语时Maryisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.当先行词指物时,只能用that而不能用which引导定语从句的现象有:1)先行词有形容词最高级修饰时,如:ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveread。2)先行词有序数词修饰时候,如:ThisisthefirstbirthdaypartythatIhaveintheschool(这是我在学校的第一个生日聚会)ThisisthesecondnationaldaythatIstayedatho
5、me3)先行词是much,little,none,all,few,everything,something,anything,nothing等不定代词修饰时,如:Wewilldoall(that)wecantohelpyou.Icandoeverythingthatyouaskmetodo,butIcannotstoplovingyou.4)先行词被thevery(正是),theonly,just,all,any,every,no修饰时,如:Thisistheverybook(that)Iamlookingfor.5)先行词指人又指物时,如:Wetalkedabo
6、utthepeopleandthethingsthatwecouldremember.先行此指物时只能由which而不能用that引导定语从句的现象有:1)定语从句中的介词前置的时候ThisistheroominwhichItalkedwithhimyesterday.1)引导非限制性定语从句的时候Hesawafilmyesterday,whichwasaboutLongMarch.关系代词as引导的定语从句as作为关系代词,较多指物,通常用在下列非限制性定语从句当中。一般翻译为正如。。。,而which也可以引导非限制性定语从句,但它没有这个意思。Asiswell
7、know/asweknow,chinaisacountrywithlonghistory(众所周知,中国是一个拥有很长历史的国家)或as插在主句中间,as指代整个主语,如:Ourteam,aswehadwished,wonthefootballmatch.(如我们所愿望的,我们队赢得了足球比赛)或as用在such…..as和thesame…as中,如:Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryasshetells.(我从来未听过她讲的这类故事)HeboughtthesameclothesasIhadbought(他买了和我的衣服差不多的衣服,买的同种种类,
8、不一定是同