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1、连词与状语从句一、并列连词1.并列句的基本概念:并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成的。在并列句中,这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。2.常见的并列连词1)表示递进或顺承关系:常见的并列词有and,notonly…but(also)…等。如:Hehadplentyofmoneyandhespentiffreely.Notonlydidhespeakmorecorrectly,butalsohespokemoreeasily.2)表示选择关系:常用的并列连词有:or,either….or….等。如:Eitheryouareri
2、ght,orIam.3)表示转折关系:常见的并列连词有but,yet,whereas等。如:Janesaidshewasill,yetIsawherinthestreetjustnow.Someofthesoldiersshowpositiveresults,whereasothersdonot.4)表示因果关系:常用的并列连词有so,for等。如:Itmusthaverainedlastnight,foritiswetallover.Theshopswereclosed,soIdidn’tgetanymilk.二、状语从句及其连词种类从属连词时间状语when,whe
3、never,while,as,before,after,until,till,bythetime,assoonas,hardly….when,nosooner…than,themoment,theminute,immediately,directly,instantly地点状语where,wherever原因状语because,as,since,nowthat,consideringthat,seeingthat条件状语if,unless,once,incase,aslongas,onconditionthat目的状语sothat,inorderthat,forfea
4、rthat,incase结果状语so…that….,,such…that….比较状语than,as…as,notso/as…as,themore….,themore….方式状语asif,asthough,as让步状语though,although,evenif,eventhough,as,nomatterwhat,whatever,nomatterwho,whoever,nomatterwhich,whichever,nomatterhow,however,nomatterwhen,whenever状语从句的时态特点:一般情况下,时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词用“一般现
5、在时”表示“一般将来时”,用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。1、时间状语从句1)when引导时间状语从句及其用法拓展①表示时间,意为“当…时;在…的时候”8A.在时间、条件等状语从句里,用现在时表示将来。Whenyouseehim,pleasesayhellotohim.B.表示过去发生的事情,在when引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中,动作发生在先的用过去完成时,在后的用过去时。WhenIwasinJapan,Iboughtsomebeautifulpearls.WhenIreachedthestation,thetrainhadleft.②表示插入一个新的动作或
6、出现新的情况,意为“这时;突然”。这时,when常被看作并列连词。这样的句型有:was/weredoing…when…;was/wereabouttodo…when;was/wereonthepointofdoing…when….;hadhardly/just/scarcelydone….when….。Eg:Hewasstillsmilingwhenthedooropened.IwasthinkingofthiswhenIheardmynamecalled.Wewereabouttostartwhenitbegantorain.Hewasonthepointoflea
7、vingwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.Wehadhardlyfallenasleepwhenthebellrang.③表示条件,相当于if.HowcanIgetajobwhenIcan’tevenreadorwrite?④表示原因“既然”HowcanIhelpthemtounderstandwhentheywon’tlistentome?Whydoyouwantanewjobwhenyou’vegotsuchagoodonealready?2).while引导时间状语从句及其用法拓展①引导时间状语从句,意为“当…的时候;和…