资源描述：
《定语从句讲解和高考真题及答案.doc》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、.定语从句(一）（一）定义及相关术语1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有when,where,why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1．who指人，在定语从句中作主语。Theboyswhoa
2、replayingfootballarefromClassOne.Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.2．whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.Theprofessor(whom)youarewaitingforhascome.注意：关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替，也可省略。Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.3．Which指物，在
3、定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.Thefactorywhichmakescomputersisfarawayfromhere.4．that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?Thepersonthat/whomyouintroducedtomeisverykind...5．Whose通常指
4、人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引
5、出。Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtenniswithyesterday.注意：１．含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.(正)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(误)２．若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用wh
6、om，不可用who,that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(正)Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(误)３．“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。如：Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapple
7、s,someofwhichhavegonebad.Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.（四）关系副词引导的定语从句1.when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.2.where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。..ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.3.why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Pleasetellm
8、ethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如：Fromtheyearswhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoprimaryschoolinthecountry,hehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhegrewup.Greatch
