泌尿外科专业英语.doc

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1、Urology.Mayradiateinaccordancewithinnervationofthestructureinvolved・Kidneypain:intherenalangle(betweenthelowerborderofthe12thribandthespine)・Uretericpain:betweentherenalangleandthegroin.Bladderpain:inthesuprapubic[?sju:pr9fpju:bik耻骨弓上的region.Prostaticpain:intheperine

2、umbutmayradiatealongtheurethratothetipofthepenis.Mayberelatedtofunction,c.g.suprapubicpainexacerbatedbybladderfilling・Haematuria(macroscopic)Frequentlyasinistersymptomofmalignantdisease,especiallythebladder,whenitisnormallypainless・Whenassociatedwithpainfulvoidingisu

3、suallyduetobladderinfectionorstones・LowerurinarytractsymptomsReferstoagroupofsymptomsthattypicallyaffecttheageingmale.Oftencausedbybladderoutflowobstmetionrelatedtoprostaticenlargement.Includessymptomsrelatedtobothvoidingandstorage.Voidingsymptoms:poorurineflow,hesit

4、ancy,post-micturitiondribbling・Storagesymptoms:frequency,nocturia,urgency,urgeincontinence.Internationalprostatesymptomscore(IPSS)isavalidatedquestionnairetoestimatethepatient'sperceptionofseverityofsymptoms.Urinaryincontinence:Affectswomenmorecommonlythanmen.Stressi

5、ncontinence:urineleakagethatoccursattimesofincreasedintravesicalpressure,e.g.duringcoughing,sneezing,lifting・Resultsfromincompetenceofurethralsphincterandbladderneckmechanism・Usuallyrelatedtopregnancyandchildbirth・Urgeincontinence:urineleakagethatoccursinassociationw

6、ithastrongdesiretovoid.Urineleaksfromthebladderbeforethepatientisabletoreachatoilet.Usualcauseisovcractivityofthedetrusormuscle・Maybeidiopathicorsecondarytootherbladderdisease.Stressandurgeincontinencefrequentlycoexist.Insensibleurineleakage:occurswithoutanyassociate

7、dsymptoms.Urineleaksfromthebladdercontinuouslyandthepatientissometimesunaware・Causes:overflowincontinencefromchronicretention,fistulation(commonlybetweenbladderandvagina),grosssphincterdisturbanceresultingfromsurgeryorneurologicaldisease・Erectiledysfiinction(ED),comm

8、onlyknownasimpotence・Inabilitytoattainandmaintainanerectionadequateforsatisfactorysexualintercourse.MenwithincompleteEDrespondmores