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1、Unit1GreatscientistsLearningaboutLanguage过去分词作定语、表语历年高考对过去分词作定语或表语都有考查。前者以综合考查作定语的非谓语动词之间的辨析的形式设题；后者则以考查系表结构的用法的形式设题。学习时要特别注意分词所表示的动作与逻辑主语之间的关系。用所给词的适当形式填空,并总结所填形式在句中的功能①Buthebecame________(inspire)whenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeople_______(expose)
2、tocholera.②Somanythousandsof________(terrify)peoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.③Hebecame_________(interest)intwotheoriesthatpossiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.inspiredexposedterrifiedinterested④Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyand
3、soonthe_______(affect)persondied.⑤Hewas__________(determine)tofindoutwhy.⑥Hefoundthatitcamefromtheriver________(pollute)bythedirtywaterfromLondon.⑦Heimmediatelytoldthe__________(astonish)peopleinBroadStreettoremovethehandlefromthepumpsothatitcouldnotbe
4、used.affecteddeterminedpollutedastonished⑧WiththisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythat________(pollute)watercarriedthevirus.结论:动词的过去分词在句中作定语(_____定语②④⑦⑧/后置定语①⑥)、_____(①③⑤)。polluted前置表语过去分词是非谓语动词的一种。从语法功能分析,过去分词兼有动词、形容词或副词的特性,可在句中充当定语
5、、表语、宾语补足语或状语。过去分词所表示的动作通常与其逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系,表示被动和完成。下面学习过去分词在句中作定语和表语。一、过去分词作定语1.过去分词作定语时,其语法功能相当于一个定语从句。﹡Atthattime,suchthingwasaforbiddentopictobetalkedabout(=atopicwhichwasforbiddentobetalkedabout).那时,这样的事情是一个被禁止谈论的话题。2.过去分词作定语时的位置。(1)一般情况下,单个过去分词作前置定语,
6、即放在所修饰词之前。有时为了表示强调,也可放在所修饰词之后。﹡Manyusedcarswillbesoldinthismarket.(前置定语)很多二手车将在这个市场出售。﹡Inmanycountries,wordsspokenaredifferentfromwordswritten.(后置定语)在很多国家,口头用语与书面用语有区别。(2)过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语,即放在所修饰词之后。﹡LastTuesdayinamountainousarea,therewereatotalof173sh
7、eepkilledalmostimmediately(=whichwerekilledalmostimmediately)whenlightningstruck.(后置定语)上周二在一个山区,当雷击发生时有173只羊即刻被雷电击死。﹡Thisisthesoldierwoundedinthebattle(=thesoldierwhohasbeenwoundedinthebattle).(后置定语)这就是在战斗中受伤的战士。【辨析】三种非谓语形式作定语donebeingdonetobedone动作已经完
8、成被动的动作正在发生被动的动作将要发生﹡Thegymbuiltlastyearopenstothepublicnow.去年建的体育馆现在已向公众开放。﹡Theswimmingpoolbeingbuiltbelongstoourschool.正在建造的游泳池属于我们学校。﹡Thedamtobebuiltnextyearbelongstoourvillage.明年要建的大坝是我们村的。3.过去分词作定语的时态和语态意义。(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成,即
