资源描述:
《关系代词和关系副词.doc》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、1、关系代词(that,who,whom,whose,which)所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。例1.Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?(who/that在从句中作主语,指人)例2.Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.(whom/that在从句中作宾语,指人)例3.Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.(whose在句中作定语,指人)例4.Pleasepa
2、ssmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.(whose在句中作定语,指物。若指物,它还可以同ofwhich互换)例5.Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which/that在句中作carry的宾语,指物)2、关系副词(when,where,why,that)可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于"介词+which"
3、结构,因此常常和"介词+which"结构交替使用。例6.Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn. 例7.Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer? 例8.Hisfatherdiedtheyear(that/when/inwhich)hewasborn. 例9.Hecan’tfindtheplace(that/where/inwhich)helivedfortyyearsago.二、判断用关系代词和关系副词方法1:用关系代词,
4、还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。请改错:1.ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.2.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where,when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。句1和句2的where,when都应改为which.。方法2:准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓
5、、宾、定、状),根据第一点(区别),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例10.Thismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysage? A.where B.that C.onwhich D.theone例11.Thisisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld. A.where B.that C.onwhich D.theone(答案:例1D,例2A)在例10中,所缺部分为宾语,而where,that,onwhich都不能起到宾语的作用,只有theone既做了主句
6、的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。而例11中,主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因inthemuseum词组,可用介词in+which引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on用的不对,所以选A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose);先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词(where地点状语,when时间状语,why原因状语)。方法3:当先行词是all,everythin
7、g,anything,nothing,theone,much,few,any,little等,或先行词是形容词最高级时,或在therebe句型中,或当先行行词既有人又有物时,关系代词用that,而不用which。例12.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice. 例13.Thesoldiersandtheirgunsthatwesenttothefrontwerelost.方法4:在引导非限定性定语从句时,和在介词后不能用that,应用w
8、hich。 例14.(错) Thetree,that(改为which)isfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.例15.Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.