UNIT15 The Land and the People of the 杨威.ppt

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1、UNIT15TheLandandthePeopleoftheDreaming澳大利亚是一个独特的多民族国家。澳大利亚土著居民已经在这片土地上生活了六万多年。养育了土著人的澳州大陆同时也滋养了土著文化，使其成为世界上最古老的文化之一。由于远离其他大陆，澳大利亚土著文化有自己的独特之处，土著居民常被称为梦幻民族：梦幻既是把他们联系在一起的信条与纽带，也是他们日常必须遵守的法律与规范。assimilation-thestateofbeingassimilated;peopleofdifferentbackgroundscometoseethemselvesaspartofalargern

2、ationalfamily民族同化民族同化是指一个民族在一定的历史条件下,同化于另一个民族的现象。历史上有两种民族同化。一种是自然同化，指某一个民族在长时期中受到另一个民族的影响，逐渐消失了本民族的特性，同化于另一个民族。这是历史民展中自然的进步的趋势。另一种是强制同化，是指反动统治者所衽的民族同化政策，如强制被压迫民族接受统治民族的语言、文字、风俗习惯，改变原有的民族特性。ThePolicyofAssimilation(民族同化政策）Bythebeginningofthe20thcenturythepolicyofprotectionhadbeenreplacedbythepo

3、licyofassimilation.“Assimilation”wasfoundedonthebeliefthatthewhiteculturewastheprogressiveandsuperiorwhereastheDreamtimewasonlyaformofsuperstition.Childrenweretakenawayfromtheirparentstobeplacedinchurch-runinstitutionsandthemissionariesonthe“protectedreserves”setouttodestroythecultureoftheDrea

4、mingsandtoreplaceitwithChristianity.Asthechildrengrewtoadulthoodmanyofthemhadlostboththeirfamiliesandtheirculture.Theywereemployedasdomesticservantsoroncattlestationsbutwerepaidonlywithfoodandclothesorwithwagesthatwereonlyafractionofthosepaidtowhiteworkers.YoungAboriginalwomenwerecontinuallyat

5、riskofrapeonthereserves,institutions,andintheirplacesofemployment.Therewasamajorcontradictionunderlyingtheofficialrelationshipof“Assimiliation”.Whilstitofficiallymeantthatbothpeopleswouldbecomeasone,withtheAboriginalpeoplemergingintothelargerAustraliansocial,inpractice,assimiliationwasaccompan

6、iedbysegregation.wereexcludedfromthesocial,thepoliticalandtheworkinglifeofmainstreamAustralians.Theyhadunequalconditionsofentryintopublichouses,swimmingpoolsandcinemasandwereexcludedfrommainstreameducationandhealthservices.Thywerealsoexcludedfrommanyformsofemploymentandfromcitizenship:Aborigin

7、alpeoplecouldnotvote.Thedoubleloss,oftraditionalcultureandexclusionfrommainstreamAustraliansocietyandculture,ledtoAboriginalpeoplebeinglabelledlazy,stupidanddrunkenanddirty.Thiscombinationofexclusionarypracticesandculturalprejudicespara